Cardiomegaly chest x ray: Difference between revisions
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{{Template:Cardiomegaly}} | {{Template:Cardiomegaly}} | ||
{{CMG}}; | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{CZ}} | ||
==Chest X Ray== | ==Chest X Ray== | ||
*Cardiomgaly is traditionally defined as an increase in the cardiothoracic ratio to be > 0.5 on a | *Cardiomgaly is traditionally defined as an increase in the cardiothoracic ratio to be > 0.5 on a PA film. To calculate the thoracic ratio, the width of the cardiac silhouette is divided by the width of the entire thoracic cage. | ||
* | *If the heart is viewed on an AP film, the heart can appear to be artificially enlarged because the X ray beam moves from anterior to posterior direction and therefore the heart which lies anterior is magnified. | ||
*:* Postero Anterior (PA) Projection: adult heart is 12 cm from base to apex and 8-9 cm in transverse direction | *:* Postero Anterior (PA) Projection: adult heart is 12 cm from base to apex and 8-9 cm in transverse direction | ||
*:* Lateral Projection: The adult heart is 6 cm in the Antero Posterior (AP) direction | *:* Lateral Projection: The adult heart is 6 cm in the Antero Posterior (AP) direction | ||
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====X-ray findings for left atrial enlargement==== | ====X-ray findings for left atrial enlargement==== | ||
* | *Double density sign: Occur when the right side of the left atrium pushes into the adjacent lung. | ||
*Convex left atria appendage: usually reflect prior [[rheumatic heart disease]] | *Convex left atria appendage: usually reflect prior [[rheumatic heart disease]] | ||
*Splaying of the carina | *Splaying of the carina | ||
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[[Category:Cardiology]] | [[Category:Cardiology]] | ||
[[Category:needs overview]] | |||
[[Category:Disease]] | |||
{{WH}} | {{WH}} | ||
{{WS}} | {{WS}} | ||
Revision as of 16:17, 3 January 2013
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]
Chest X Ray
- Cardiomgaly is traditionally defined as an increase in the cardiothoracic ratio to be > 0.5 on a PA film. To calculate the thoracic ratio, the width of the cardiac silhouette is divided by the width of the entire thoracic cage.
- If the heart is viewed on an AP film, the heart can appear to be artificially enlarged because the X ray beam moves from anterior to posterior direction and therefore the heart which lies anterior is magnified.
- Postero Anterior (PA) Projection: adult heart is 12 cm from base to apex and 8-9 cm in transverse direction
- Lateral Projection: The adult heart is 6 cm in the Antero Posterior (AP) direction
X-ray findings for left ventricular enlargement
- Left heart border is displaced leftward, inferiorly, or posteriorly.
- Rounding of the cardiac apex
Image courtesy of C. Michael Gibson MS. MD
X-ray findings for left atrial enlargement
- Double density sign: Occur when the right side of the left atrium pushes into the adjacent lung.
- Convex left atria appendage: usually reflect prior rheumatic heart disease
- Splaying of the carina
- Posterior displacement of the left main stem bronchus on lateral radiograph
- Superior displacement of the left main stem bronchus on frontal view
- Posterior displacement of a barium filled esophagus
X-ray findings for right ventricular enlargement
- Frontal view
- Rounded left heart border
- Uplifted apex
- Lateral view
- Filling of the retrosternal space
- Rotation of the heart posteriorly
X-ray findings for right atrial enlargement
- On a frontal view, the right atrium is visible because of its interface with the right middle lobe.
- Subtle and moderate right atrial enlargement is not accurately determined on plain films because there is normal variability in the shape of the right atrium.