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| {{Valvular heart disease}} | | {{Valvular heart disease}} |
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| ==Overview== | | ==[[Valvular heart disease overview|Overview]]== |
| '''Valvular heart disease''' is any disease process involving one or more [[Heart valve|valves]] of the [[heart]]. The valves in the right side of the heart are the [[tricuspid valve]] and the [[pulmonic valve]]. The valves in the left side of the heart are the [[mitral valve]] and the [[aortic valve]].
| | ==[[Valvular heart disease historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]== |
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| In March 29, 2007, [[pergolide]], a [[dopamine agonist]] used in treatment of [[Parkinson's disease]] and also off label for [[Restless legs syndrome]] (RLS), was withdrawn from the US market due to implication in valvular heart disease [http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/NEWS/2007/NEW01596.html]. The withdrawal was based on findings published in [[New England Journal of Medicine]], confirming previous reports associating pergolide with increased risk of regurgitation of the [[mitral valve]], [[tricuspid valve]], and [[aortic valve]] of the heart. [[Cabergoline]], a similar [[ergot]]-derived dopamine agonist, is still marketed in EU.
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| Ergot derivatives ([[ergotamines]]) have been implicated in [[fibrosis]] not only of the heart valves but also of the [[pleura]] and [[retroperitoneum]] [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=4468122&dopt=Abstract] and possibly other locations.
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| ==Types==
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| Each valve may be too narrow (stenosis) or too wide or loose, causing regurgitation. There are different types of valvular heart disease:
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| * [[Aortic insufficiency]]
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| * [[Aortic valve stenosis]]
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| * [[Endocarditis]]
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| * [[Libman-Sacks endocarditis]]
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| * [[Loeffler endocarditis]]
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| * [[Mitral regurgitation]]
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| * [[Mitral stenosis]]
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| * [[Mitral valve prolapse]]
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| * [[Pulmonary valve stenosis]]
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| * [[Pulmonic regurgitation]]
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| * [[Tricuspid insufficiency]]
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| * [[Tricuspid valve stenosis]]
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| ==Related Chapters== | | ==Related Chapters== |