The electrocardiogram: Difference between revisions
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{{CMG}}; '''Assistant Editor | {{CMG}}; '''Assistant Editor-in-Chief:''' [[User:Rim Halaby|Rim Halaby]] | ||
==Fundamentals of EKG== | ==Fundamentals of EKG== | ||
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===Abnormal Findings on the EKG=== | ===Abnormal Findings on the EKG=== | ||
*[[Delta wave]] | |||
*[[H wave]] | |||
*[[K wave]] | |||
*[[Low QRS voltage]] | |||
*[[Nonspecific ST-segment and T-wave changes]] | |||
*[[NSSTW changes]] | |||
*[[Osborn wave]] | |||
*[[P wave alternans]] | *[[P wave alternans]] | ||
*[[ | *[[Poor R wave progression]] | ||
*[[PR interval alternans]] | *[[PR interval alternans]] | ||
*[[QRS complex alternans]] | *[[QRS complex alternans]] | ||
*[[ | *[[QT prolongation]] | ||
*[[ | *[[Retrograde P wave]] | ||
* [[Sine wave pattern]] | |||
*[[T wave alternans]] | *[[T wave alternans]] | ||
*[[T wave inversion]] | *[[T wave inversion]] | ||
*[[Tombstone ST elevation]] | *[[Tombstone ST elevation]] | ||
*[[U wave]] | *[[U wave]] | ||
==Conduction System== | ==Conduction System== | ||
Revision as of 20:40, 29 July 2013
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Assistant Editor-in-Chief: Rim Halaby
Fundamentals of EKG
Basic Principles of Interpretation of an EKG
- Introduction to EKG
- How to read an EKG
- Normal sinus rhythm
- QRS axis and voltage
- Overall overview on electrocardiography
EKG Complexes
EKG Intervals
Abnormal Findings on the EKG
- Delta wave
- H wave
- K wave
- Low QRS voltage
- Nonspecific ST-segment and T-wave changes
- NSSTW changes
- Osborn wave
- P wave alternans
- Poor R wave progression
- PR interval alternans
- QRS complex alternans
- QT prolongation
- Retrograde P wave
- Sine wave pattern
- T wave alternans
- T wave inversion
- Tombstone ST elevation
- U wave
Conduction System
Tachyarrhythmias
Atrial Arrhythmias
- Atrial fibrillation
- Atrial flutter
- Ectopic atrial rhythm
- Multifocal atrial tachycardia (MAT)
- Paroxysmal atrial tachycardia (PAT) with block
- Premature atrial contractions (PAC)
- Sinus tachycardia
- Supraventricular tachycardia
- Wandering atrial pacemaker
Ventricular Arrhythmias
- Accelerated idioventricular rhythm
- Ventricular fibrillation
- Ventricular parasystole
- Ventricular tachycardia
- Wide complex tachycardias
Bradycardia and Conduction Abnormalities
- Sinus bradycardia
- First degree AV block
- Second degree AV block
- Complete or third-degree AV block
- Concealed conduction
- AV junctional rhythms
- Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome
- Left bundle branch block
- Right bundle branch block
- Trifascicular block
EKG Findings in Diseases
Cardiac Hypertrophy and Dilatation
- Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH)
- Right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH)
- Biventricular hypertrophy
- Left atrial enlargement
- Right atrial enlargement
- Biatrial enlargement
Acute Myocardial Infarction
Pre-excitation Syndromes
Cardiomyopathies
Congenital Heart Diseases
- Dextrocardia
- Atrial septal defect
- Ventricular septal defect
- Tetralogy of Fallot
- The heart in conjoined twins
- Congenital heart block
Inherited Diseases
Other Heart Diseases
EKG in Other Disease States
EKG Abnormalities in Electrolyte Disturbances
Drug Effects on the EKG
- Adenosine
- Amiodarone
- β-blockers
- Bretylium
- Calcium channel blockers
- Digitalis
- Disopyramide
- Encainide
- Flecainide
- Lidocaine
- Lithium
- Phenothiazines
- Phenytoin
- Procainamide
- Propafenone
- Quinidine
- Tocainide
- Tricyclic antidepressants
Technical Issues and Potential Errors in Interpretation
- EKG Artifacts
- EKG lead placement errors
- EKG in a patient with a pacemaker
- EKG in athletes
- Persistent juvenile T-wave pattern
- Postprandial EKG changes