African trypanosomiasis natural history, complications and prognosis: Difference between revisions
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[[Category:Neurology]] | [[Category:Neurology]] |
Revision as of 18:22, 20 November 2012
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Pilar Almonacid
Natural History
- A bite by the tsetse fly is often painful and can develop into a red sore, also called a chancre (SHAN-ker).
- Symptoms begin within 1 to 4 weeks of getting an infected tsetse fly bite and begin with fever, headaches, and joint pains.
- As the parasites enter through both the blood and lymph systems, lymph nodes often swell up to tremendous sizes.
- Winterbottom's sign, the telltale swollen lymph glands along the back of the neck may appear.
- If untreated, the disease slowly overcomes the defenses of the infected person, and symptoms spread to include anemia, endocrine, cardiac, and kidney diseases and disorders.
- The disease then enters a neurological phase when the parasite passes through the blood-brain barrier.
- The symptoms of the second phase give the disease its name; besides confusion and reduced coordination, the sleep cycle is disturbed with bouts of fatigue punctuated with manic periods progressing to daytime slumber and nighttime insomnia.
- Without treatment, the disease is fatal, with progressive mental deterioration leading to coma and death. Damage caused in the neurological phase can be irreversible.
Prognosis
- No one is immune from East African trypanosomiasis. Even if you had the disease once, you can get re-infected.[1]