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/* ACCF/AHA Guidelines for Intraoperative use of Trans-Esophageal Echocardiography(TEE) {{cite journal| author=Hillis LD, Smith PK, Anderson JL, Bittl JA, Bridges CR, Byrne JG et al.| title=2011 ACCF/AHA Guideline for Coronary Artery Bypass Graft ...
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{{CMG}}; {{AOEIC}} {{VK}}
{{CMG}}; {{AOEIC}} {{VK}}


==ACCF/AHA Guidelines for Intraoperative use of Trans-Esophageal Echocardiography(TEE) <ref name="pmid22064599">{{cite journal| author=Hillis LD, Smith PK, Anderson JL, Bittl JA, Bridges CR, Byrne JG et al.| title=2011 ACCF/AHA Guideline for Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. | journal=Circulation | year= 2011 | volume=  | issue=  | pages=  | pmid=22064599 | doi=10.1161/CIR.0b013e31823c074e | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22064599  }} </ref>==
==2011 ACCF/AHA Guideline for Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery (DO NOT EDIT)<ref name="pmid22064599">{{cite journal| author=Hillis LD, Smith PK, Anderson JL, Bittl JA, Bridges CR, Byrne JG et al.| title=2011 ACCF/AHA Guideline for Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. | journal=Circulation | year= 2011 | volume=  | issue=  | pages=  | pmid=22064599 | doi=10.1161/CIR.0b013e31823c074e | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22064599  }} </ref>==
 
===Intraoperative Transesophageal Echocardiography (DO NOT EDIT)<ref name="pmid22064599">{{cite journal| author=Hillis LD, Smith PK, Anderson JL, Bittl JA, Bridges CR, Byrne JG et al.| title=2011 ACCF/AHA Guideline for Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. | journal=Circulation | year= 2011 | volume=  | issue=  | pages=  | pmid=22064599 | doi=10.1161/CIR.0b013e31823c074e | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22064599  }} </ref>===
{|class="wikitable"
{|class="wikitable"
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| colspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:LightGreen"|[[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Classification of Recommendations|Class I]]
| colspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:LightGreen"|[[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Classification of Recommendations|Class I]]
|-
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| bgcolor="LightGreen"|
| bgcolor="LightGreen"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''1.''' Intraoperative [[TEE|transesophageal echocardiography]] should be performed for evaluation of acute, persistent, and life-threatening hemodynamic disturbances that have not responded to treatment.<ref name="pmid18291154">{{cite journal| author=Eltzschig HK, Rosenberger P, Löffler M, Fox JA, Aranki SF, Shernan SK| title=Impact of intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography on surgical decisions in 12,566 patients undergoing cardiac surgery. |journal=Ann Thorac Surg | year= 2008 | volume= 85 | issue= 3 | pages= 845-52 | pmid=18291154 | doi=10.1016/j.athoracsur.2007.11.015 | pmc= |url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18291154  }} </ref><ref name="pmid9262577">{{cite journal| author=Savage RM, Lytle BW, Aronson S, Navia JL, Licina M, Stewart WJ et al.| title=Intraoperative echocardiography is indicated in high-risk coronary artery bypass grafting. | journal=Ann Thorac Surg | year= 1997 | volume= 64 | issue= 2 | pages= 368-73; discussion 373-4 | pmid=9262577 | doi=10.1016/S0003-4975(97)00612-7 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9262577  }} </ref> ''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: B]])''<nowiki>"</nowiki>
<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''1.''' Intraoperative [[TEE]] should be performed for evaluation of acute, persistent, and life-threatening hemodynamic disturbances that have not responded to treatment.<ref name="pmid18291154">{{cite journal| author=Eltzschig HK, Rosenberger P, Löffler M, Fox JA, Aranki SF, Shernan SK| title=Impact of intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography on surgical decisions in 12,566 patients undergoing cardiac surgery. |journal=Ann Thorac Surg | year= 2008 | volume= 85 | issue= 3 | pages= 845-52 | pmid=18291154 | doi=10.1016/j.athoracsur.2007.11.015 | pmc= |url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18291154  }} </ref><ref name="pmid9262577">{{cite journal| author=Savage RM, Lytle BW, Aronson S, Navia JL, Licina M, Stewart WJ et al.| title=Intraoperative echocardiography is indicated in high-risk coronary artery bypass grafting. | journal=Ann Thorac Surg | year= 1997 | volume= 64 | issue= 2 | pages= 368-73; discussion 373-4 | pmid=9262577 | doi=10.1016/S0003-4975(97)00612-7 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9262577  }} </ref> ''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: B]])''<nowiki>"</nowiki>
|-
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| bgcolor="LightGreen"|
| bgcolor="LightGreen"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''2.''' Intraoperative [[transesophageal echocardiography]] should be performed in patients undergoing concomitant valvular surgery.<ref name="pmid18291154">{{cite journal| author=Eltzschig HK, Rosenberger P, Löffler M, Fox JA, Aranki SF, Shernan SK| title=Impact of intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography on surgical decisions in 12,566 patients undergoing cardiac surgery. | journal=Ann Thorac Surg | year= 2008 | volume= 85 | issue= 3 | pages= 845-52 | pmid=18291154 | doi=10.1016/j.athoracsur.2007.11.015 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18291154  }} </ref><ref name="pmid20418689">{{cite journal| author=American Society of Anesthesiologists and Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists Task Force on Transesophageal Echocardiography| title=Practice guidelines for perioperative transesophageal echocardiography. An updated report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists and the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists Task Force on Transesophageal Echocardiography. | journal=Anesthesiology | year= 2010 | volume= 112 | issue= 5 | pages= 1084-96 | pmid=20418689 | doi=10.1097/ALN.0b013e3181c51e90 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20418689  }} </ref> ''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: B]])''<nowiki>"</nowiki>
<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''2.''' Intraoperative [[TEE]] should be performed in patients undergoing concomitant valvular surgery.<ref name="pmid18291154">{{cite journal| author=Eltzschig HK, Rosenberger P, Löffler M, Fox JA, Aranki SF, Shernan SK| title=Impact of intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography on surgical decisions in 12,566 patients undergoing cardiac surgery. | journal=Ann Thorac Surg | year= 2008 | volume= 85 | issue= 3 | pages= 845-52 | pmid=18291154 | doi=10.1016/j.athoracsur.2007.11.015 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18291154  }} </ref><ref name="pmid20418689">{{cite journal| author=American Society of Anesthesiologists and Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists Task Force on Transesophageal Echocardiography| title=Practice guidelines for perioperative transesophageal echocardiography. An updated report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists and the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists Task Force on Transesophageal Echocardiography. | journal=Anesthesiology | year= 2010 | volume= 112 | issue= 5 | pages= 1084-96 | pmid=20418689 | doi=10.1097/ALN.0b013e3181c51e90 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20418689  }} </ref> ''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: B]])''<nowiki>"</nowiki>
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| colspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:LemonChiffon"|[[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Classification of Recommendations|Class IIa]]
| colspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:LemonChiffon"|[[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Classification of Recommendations|Class IIa]]
|-
|-
|bgcolor="LemonChiffon"|
|bgcolor="LemonChiffon"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''1.''' Intraoperative [[transesophageal echocardiography]] is reasonable for monitoring of hemodynamic status, ventricular function, regional wall motion, and valvular function in patients undergoing [[CABG]].<ref name="pmid9262577">{{cite journal| author=Savage RM, Lytle BW, Aronson S, Navia JL, Licina M, Stewart WJ et al.| title=Intraoperative echocardiography is indicated in high-risk coronary artery bypass grafting. | journal=Ann Thorac Surg | year= 1997 | volume= 64 | issue= 2 | pages= 368-73; discussion 373-4 | pmid=9262577 | doi=10.1016/S0003-4975(97)00612-7 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9262577  }} </ref><ref name="pmid8638781">{{cite journal| author=Bergquist BD, Bellows WH, Leung JM| title=Transesophageal echocardiography in myocardial revascularization: II. Influence on intraoperative decision making. | journal=Anesth Analg | year= 1996 | volume= 82 | issue= 6 | pages= 1139-45 | pmid=8638781 | doi= | pmc= | url= }} </ref><ref name="pmid9923994">{{cite journal| author=Moisés VA, Mesquita CB, Campos O, Andrade JL, Bocanegra J, Andrade JC et al.| title=Importance of intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography during coronary artery surgery without cardiopulmonary bypass. | journal=J Am Soc Echocardiogr | year= 1998 | volume= 11 | issue= 12 | pages= 1139-44 | pmid=9923994 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9923994  }} </ref><ref name="pmid15511437">{{cite journal| author=Qaddoura FE, Abel MD, Mecklenburg KL, Chandrasekaran K, Schaff HV, Zehr KJ et al.| title=Role of intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography in patients having coronary artery bypass graft surgery. | journal=Ann Thorac Surg | year= 2004 | volume= 78 | issue= 5 | pages= 1586-90 | pmid=15511437 | doi=10.1016/j.athoracsur.2004.05.001 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15511437  }} </ref><ref name="pmid18073549">{{cite journal| author=Swaminathan M, Morris RW, De Meyts DD, Podgoreanu MV, Jollis JG, Grocott HP et al.| title=Deterioration of regional wall motion immediately after coronary artery bypass graft surgery is associated with long-term major adverse cardiac events. | journal=Anesthesiology | year= 2007 | volume= 107 | issue= 5 | pages= 739-45 | pmid=18073549 | doi=10.1097/01.anes.0000287008.70453.81 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18073549  }} </ref><ref name="pmid15385335">{{cite journal| author=Wang J, Filipovic M, Rudzitis A, Michaux I, Skarvan K, Buser P et al.| title=Transesophageal echocardiography for monitoring segmental wall motion during off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery. | journal=Anesth Analg | year= 2004 | volume= 99 | issue= 4 | pages= 965-73, table of contents | pmid=15385335 | doi=10.1213/01.ANE.0000130614.45647.81 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15385335  }} </ref><ref name="pmid15223418">{{cite journal| author=Zimarino M, Gallina S, Di Fulvio M, Di Mauro M, Di Giammarco G, De Caterina R et al.| title=Intraoperative ischemia and long-term events after minimally invasive coronary surgery. | journal=Ann Thorac Surg | year= 2004 | volume= 78 | issue= 1 | pages= 135-41 | pmid=15223418 | doi=10.1016/j.athoracsur.2003.12.030 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15223418  }} </ref> ''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: B]])''<nowiki>"</nowiki>
<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''1.''' Intraoperative TEE is reasonable for monitoring of hemodynamic status, ventricular function, regional wall motion, and valvular function in patients undergoing CABG.<ref name="pmid9262577">{{cite journal| author=Savage RM, Lytle BW, Aronson S, Navia JL, Licina M, Stewart WJ et al.| title=Intraoperative echocardiography is indicated in high-risk coronary artery bypass grafting. | journal=Ann Thorac Surg | year= 1997 | volume= 64 | issue= 2 | pages= 368-73; discussion 373-4 | pmid=9262577 | doi=10.1016/S0003-4975(97)00612-7 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9262577  }} </ref><ref name="pmid8638781">{{cite journal| author=Bergquist BD, Bellows WH, Leung JM| title=Transesophageal echocardiography in myocardial revascularization: II. Influence on intraoperative decision making. | journal=Anesth Analg | year= 1996 | volume= 82 | issue= 6 | pages= 1139-45 | pmid=8638781 | doi= | pmc= | url= }} </ref><ref name="pmid9923994">{{cite journal| author=Moisés VA, Mesquita CB, Campos O, Andrade JL, Bocanegra J, Andrade JC et al.| title=Importance of intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography during coronary artery surgery without cardiopulmonary bypass. | journal=J Am Soc Echocardiogr | year= 1998 | volume= 11 | issue= 12 | pages= 1139-44 | pmid=9923994 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9923994  }} </ref><ref name="pmid15511437">{{cite journal| author=Qaddoura FE, Abel MD, Mecklenburg KL, Chandrasekaran K, Schaff HV, Zehr KJ et al.| title=Role of intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography in patients having coronary artery bypass graft surgery. | journal=Ann Thorac Surg | year= 2004 | volume= 78 | issue= 5 | pages= 1586-90 | pmid=15511437 | doi=10.1016/j.athoracsur.2004.05.001 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15511437  }} </ref><ref name="pmid18073549">{{cite journal| author=Swaminathan M, Morris RW, De Meyts DD, Podgoreanu MV, Jollis JG, Grocott HP et al.| title=Deterioration of regional wall motion immediately after coronary artery bypass graft surgery is associated with long-term major adverse cardiac events. | journal=Anesthesiology | year= 2007 | volume= 107 | issue= 5 | pages= 739-45 | pmid=18073549 | doi=10.1097/01.anes.0000287008.70453.81 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18073549  }} </ref><ref name="pmid15385335">{{cite journal| author=Wang J, Filipovic M, Rudzitis A, Michaux I, Skarvan K, Buser P et al.| title=Transesophageal echocardiography for monitoring segmental wall motion during off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery. | journal=Anesth Analg | year= 2004 | volume= 99 | issue= 4 | pages= 965-73, table of contents | pmid=15385335 | doi=10.1213/01.ANE.0000130614.45647.81 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15385335  }} </ref><ref name="pmid15223418">{{cite journal| author=Zimarino M, Gallina S, Di Fulvio M, Di Mauro M, Di Giammarco G, De Caterina R et al.| title=Intraoperative ischemia and long-term events after minimally invasive coronary surgery. | journal=Ann Thorac Surg | year= 2004 | volume= 78 | issue= 1 | pages= 135-41 | pmid=15223418 | doi=10.1016/j.athoracsur.2003.12.030 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15223418  }} </ref> ''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: B]])''<nowiki>"</nowiki>
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Revision as of 13:21, 9 November 2012

Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Pathophysiology

Saphenous Vein Graft Disease
Other Non-Atherosclerotic Saphenous Vein Graft Diseases

Indications for CABG

Prognosis

Diagnosis

Imaging in the Patient Undergoing CABG

Chest X Ray

Angiography

CT Angiography
MRI Angiography

Trans-Esophageal Echocardiography

Treatment

Goals of Treatment

Perioperative Management

Perioperative Monitoring

Electrocardiographic Monitoring
Pulmonary Artery Catheterization
Central Nervous System Monitoring

Surgical Procedure

Anesthetic Considerations
Intervention in left main coronary artery disease
The Traditional Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Procedure (Simplified)
Minimally Invasive CABG
Hybrid coronary revascularization
Conduits Used for Bypass
Videos on Spahenous Vein Graft Harvesting
Videos on Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery

Post-Operative Care and Complications

Pharmacotherapy in patients undergoing CABG CABG

Special Scenarios

Anomalous Coronary Arteries
COPD/Respiratory Insufficiency
Existing Renal Disease
Concomitant Valvular Disease
Previous Cardiac Surgery
Menopause
Carotid Disease evaluation before surgery

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Risk calculators for Coronary artery bypass surgery TEE

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Varun Kumar, M.B.B.S. [2]

2011 ACCF/AHA Guideline for Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery (DO NOT EDIT)[1]

Intraoperative Transesophageal Echocardiography (DO NOT EDIT)[1]

Class I
"1. Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography should be performed for evaluation of acute, persistent, and life-threatening hemodynamic disturbances that have not responded to treatment.[2][3] (Level of Evidence: B)"
"2. Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography should be performed in patients undergoing concomitant valvular surgery.[2][4] (Level of Evidence: B)"
Class IIa
"1. Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography is reasonable for monitoring of hemodynamic status, ventricular function, regional wall motion, and valvular function in patients undergoing CABG.[3][5][6][7][8][9][10] (Level of Evidence: B)"

Guidelines Resources

2011 ACCF/AHA Guideline for Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery : A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines.[1]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Hillis LD, Smith PK, Anderson JL, Bittl JA, Bridges CR, Byrne JG; et al. (2011). "2011 ACCF/AHA Guideline for Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines". Circulation. doi:10.1161/CIR.0b013e31823c074e. PMID 22064599.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Eltzschig HK, Rosenberger P, Löffler M, Fox JA, Aranki SF, Shernan SK (2008). "Impact of intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography on surgical decisions in 12,566 patients undergoing cardiac surgery". Ann Thorac Surg. 85 (3): 845–52. doi:10.1016/j.athoracsur.2007.11.015. PMID 18291154.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Savage RM, Lytle BW, Aronson S, Navia JL, Licina M, Stewart WJ; et al. (1997). "Intraoperative echocardiography is indicated in high-risk coronary artery bypass grafting". Ann Thorac Surg. 64 (2): 368–73, discussion 373-4. doi:10.1016/S0003-4975(97)00612-7. PMID 9262577.
  4. ↑ American Society of Anesthesiologists and Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists Task Force on Transesophageal Echocardiography (2010). "Practice guidelines for perioperative transesophageal echocardiography. An updated report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists and the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists Task Force on Transesophageal Echocardiography". Anesthesiology. 112 (5): 1084–96. doi:10.1097/ALN.0b013e3181c51e90. PMID 20418689.
  5. ↑ Bergquist BD, Bellows WH, Leung JM (1996). "Transesophageal echocardiography in myocardial revascularization: II. Influence on intraoperative decision making". Anesth Analg. 82 (6): 1139–45. PMID 8638781.
  6. ↑ Moisés VA, Mesquita CB, Campos O, Andrade JL, Bocanegra J, Andrade JC; et al. (1998). "Importance of intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography during coronary artery surgery without cardiopulmonary bypass". J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 11 (12): 1139–44. PMID 9923994.
  7. ↑ Qaddoura FE, Abel MD, Mecklenburg KL, Chandrasekaran K, Schaff HV, Zehr KJ; et al. (2004). "Role of intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography in patients having coronary artery bypass graft surgery". Ann Thorac Surg. 78 (5): 1586–90. doi:10.1016/j.athoracsur.2004.05.001. PMID 15511437.
  8. ↑ Swaminathan M, Morris RW, De Meyts DD, Podgoreanu MV, Jollis JG, Grocott HP; et al. (2007). "Deterioration of regional wall motion immediately after coronary artery bypass graft surgery is associated with long-term major adverse cardiac events". Anesthesiology. 107 (5): 739–45. doi:10.1097/01.anes.0000287008.70453.81. PMID 18073549.
  9. ↑ Wang J, Filipovic M, Rudzitis A, Michaux I, Skarvan K, Buser P; et al. (2004). "Transesophageal echocardiography for monitoring segmental wall motion during off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery". Anesth Analg. 99 (4): 965–73, table of contents. doi:10.1213/01.ANE.0000130614.45647.81. PMID 15385335.
  10. ↑ Zimarino M, Gallina S, Di Fulvio M, Di Mauro M, Di Giammarco G, De Caterina R; et al. (2004). "Intraoperative ischemia and long-term events after minimally invasive coronary surgery". Ann Thorac Surg. 78 (1): 135–41. doi:10.1016/j.athoracsur.2003.12.030. PMID 15223418.

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