Nipah virus encephalitis pathophysiology

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

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Pathophysiology

Hendra virus (formerly called equine morbillivirus) is a member of the family Paramyxoviridae.

Nipah virus, also a member of the family Paramyxoviridae, is related but not identical to Hendra virus.

Transmission

Australia, humans became ill after exposure to body fluids and excretions of horses infected with Hendra virus. In Malaysia and Singapore, humans were infected with Nipah virus through close contact with infected pigs.

Nipah virus electron micrograph Image courtesy of C.S. Goldsmith and P.E. Rollin (CDC), and K.B. Chua (Malaysia).

Pteropus vampyrus (Malayan flying fox), one of the natural reservoirs of Nipah virus