Pericarditis (patient information): Difference between revisions
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==What causes Pericarditis?== | ==What causes Pericarditis?== | ||
The cause of pericarditis is often unknown or unproven, but is often the result of an [[infection]] such as: | |||
*[[Viral infection]]s that cause a chest cold or [[pneumonia]], such as the [[echovirus]] or [[coxsackie virus]] (which are common in children), as well as [[influenza]] | |||
*Infections with [[bacteria]] (much less common) | |||
*Some [[fungal infection]]s (even more rare) | |||
In addition, pericarditis | In addition, pericarditis may be seen with diseases such as: | ||
*[[Cancer]] (including [[leukemia]]) | |||
*Disorders in which the [[immune system]] attacks healthy body tissue by mistake | |||
*[[HIV]] infection and [[AIDS]] | |||
*Underactive [[thyroid gland]] | |||
*[[Kidney failure]] | |||
*[[Rheumatic fever]] | |||
*[[Tuberculosis]] (TB) | |||
*[[ | Other causes include: | ||
*[[ | *[[Heart attack]] | ||
*[[Heart surgery]] or trauma to the chest, [[esophagus]], or [[heart]] | |||
*[[ | *Certain medications, such as [[procainamide]], [[hydralazine]], [[phenytoin]], [[isoniazid]], and some drugs used to treat cancer or suppress the [[immune system]] | ||
*[[Swelling]] or [[inflammation]] of the heart muscle | |||
*[[Radiation]] therapy to the chest | |||
Often the cause of pericarditis is unknown. Pericarditis most often affects men ages 20 - 50. | |||
*[[ | |||
*[[ | |||
==Who is at highest risk?== | ==Who is at highest risk?== | ||
Revision as of 18:54, 26 November 2012
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Pericarditis |
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Pericarditis On the Web |
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For the WikiDoc page for this topic, click here
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Prashant Sharma
Overview
Pericarditis is a condition in which the sac-like covering around the heart (pericardium) becomes inflamed.
What are the symptoms of Pericarditis?
- Chest pain is almost always present, which is caused by the inflamed pericardium rubbing against the heart. The pain:
- May be felt in the neck, shoulder, back, or abdomen.
- Often increases with deep breathing and lying flat, and may increase with coughing and swallowing. Patient may often feel better sitting up and leaning forward.
- Can be a sharp, stabbing pleuritic type pain (Pleuritis).
- Fever, chills, or sweating if the condition is caused by an infection.
- Ankle, feet, and leg swelling (occasionally if there is a constriction of the heart filling in a condition known as constrictive pericarditis).
- Anxiety
- Breathing difficulty when lying down (Orthopnea)
- Dry cough
- Fatigue
What causes Pericarditis?
The cause of pericarditis is often unknown or unproven, but is often the result of an infection such as:
- Viral infections that cause a chest cold or pneumonia, such as the echovirus or coxsackie virus (which are common in children), as well as influenza
- Infections with bacteria (much less common)
- Some fungal infections (even more rare)
In addition, pericarditis may be seen with diseases such as:
- Cancer (including leukemia)
- Disorders in which the immune system attacks healthy body tissue by mistake
- HIV infection and AIDS
- Underactive thyroid gland
- Kidney failure
- Rheumatic fever
- Tuberculosis (TB)
Other causes include:
- Heart attack
- Heart surgery or trauma to the chest, esophagus, or heart
- Certain medications, such as procainamide, hydralazine, phenytoin, isoniazid, and some drugs used to treat cancer or suppress the immune system
- Swelling or inflammation of the heart muscle
- Radiation therapy to the chest
Often the cause of pericarditis is unknown. Pericarditis most often affects men ages 20 - 50.
Who is at highest risk?
Pericarditis most often affects men aged 20 - 50. It usually follows respiratory infections.
When to seek urgent medical care?
Pericarditis can be potentially life threatening and one should seek medical care when suffering from symptoms of pericarditis. Severe chest pain, fainting, palpitations and high grade fever may be ominous signs and may indicate build up of fluids within the pericardium, a condition called cardiac tamponade where the heart cannot expand to accept blood.
Diagnosis
The cause of pericarditis must be identified, if possible, for this the physician may decide to do the following:
Treatment options
Medications to treat pericarditis may include:
- Analgesics for pain
- Antibiotics for bacterial pericarditis
- Antifungal medications for fungal pericarditis
- Aspirin or a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) such as ibuprofen for inflammation of the pericardium
- Corticosteroids such as prednisone
- Colchicine
- Diuretics to remove excess fluid in the pericardial sac
If the buildup of fluid in the pericardium makes the heart function poorly or produces cardiac tamponade, it may be necessary to drain the fluid from the sac. This procedure, called pericardiocentesis, may be done using an echocardiography-guided needle or minor surgery.
If the pericarditis is chronic, recurrent, or causes constrictive pericarditis, cutting or removing part of the pericardium may be recommended as part of a procedure called pericardiectomy.
Where to find medical care for Pericarditis?
Directions to Hospitals Treating Pericarditis
What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?
Pericarditis can range from mild cases that get better on their own to life-threatening cases. The condition can be complicated by significant fluid buildup around the heart and poor heart function.
The outcome is good if the disorder is treated promptly. Most people recover in 2 weeks to 3 months. However, pericarditis may come back.
Possible complications
- Pericardial effusion or accumulation of fluid around the heart.
- Cardiac tamponade or compression of fluid on the heart that prevents the heart from filling normally.
- Constrictive pericarditis which is scarring of the sack around the heart that prevents the heart from filling normally.
Prevention
Many cases are not preventable.
Videos
{{#ev:youtube|lJ6KzpnjbRg}}
Sources
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000182.htm Template:WH Template:WS