Oral candidiasis risk factors

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Risk Factors

Thrush is commonly seen in infants. It is not considered abnormal in infants unless it lasts longer than a couple of weeks. Candida can also cause yeast infections in the vagina. People who have diabetes and had high blood sugar levels are more likely to get thrush in the mouth (oral thrush), because the extra sugar in your saliva acts like food for Candida. Taking high doses of antibiotics or taking antibiotics for a long time also increases the risk of oral thrush. Antibiotics kill some of the healthy bacteria that help keep Candida from growing too much. People with poorly fitting dentures are also more likely to get thrush.

Invasive disease occurs in critically ill patients in intensive-care units, in persons with severe granulocytopenia, and in hematopoietic stem cell and organ transplant recipients. OPC can be associated with HIV infection. VVC is often associated with pregnancy, diabetes mellitus, and antibiotic therapy.

Who is at special risk?

• Newborn babies.
• Denture users.
• Poorly controlled diabetes.
• As a side effect of medication, most commonly having taken antibiotics. Inhaled corticosteroids for treatment of lung conditions (e.g, Asthma or COPD) may also result in oral candidiasis which may be reduced by regularly rinsing the mouth with water after taking the medication.
• People with poor nutrition, specifically vitamin A, iron and folate deficiencies.
• People with an immune deficiency (e.g. as a result of AIDS/HIV or chemotherapy treatment).
• Women undergoing hormonal changes, like pregnancy or those on birth control pills
• People who perform cunnilingus or fellatio on a sexual partner who has thrush.