Septic arthritis overview: Difference between revisions
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==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
Septic arthritis develops when bacteria or other tiny disease-causing organisms (microorganisms) spread through the bloodstream to a joint. It may also occur when the joint is directly infected with a microorganism from an injury or during surgery. The most common sites for this type of infection are the knee and hip. Most cases of acute septic arthritis are caused by bacteria such as [[staphylococcus]] or [[streptococcus]]. Chronic septic arthritis (which is less common) is caused by organisms such as [[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]] and [[Candida albicans]]. | Septic arthritis develops when bacteria or other tiny disease-causing organisms (microorganisms) spread through the bloodstream to a joint. It may also occur when the joint is directly infected with a microorganism from an injury or during surgery. The most common sites for this type of infection are the knee and hip. Most cases of acute septic arthritis are caused by bacteria such as [[staphylococcus]] or [[streptococcus]]. Chronic septic arthritis (which is less common) is caused by organisms such as [[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]] and [[Candida albicans]]. | ||
==Diagnosis== | |||
===History and Symptoms=== | |||
Septic arthritis should be considered whenever one is assessing a patient with joint pain. Usually only one joint is affected ([[monoarthritis]]) however in ''seeding'' arthritis, several joints can be affected simultaneously; this is especially the case when the infection is caused by [[staphylococcus]] or [[gonococcus]] bacteria. | |||
==References== | ==References== |
Revision as of 18:07, 4 December 2012
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Jumana Nagarwala, M.D., Senior Staff Physician, Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital; Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]
Overview
Septic arthritis is the invasion of the joint space by an infectious agent which produces arthritis. The usual etiology is bacterial, but viral, mycobacterial, and fungal arthritis occur occasionally. Bacteria are either carried by the bloodstream from an infectious focus elsewhere, introduced by a skin lesion that penetrates the joint, or by extension from adjacent tissue (e.g. bone or bursae).
Causes
Septic arthritis develops when bacteria or other tiny disease-causing organisms (microorganisms) spread through the bloodstream to a joint. It may also occur when the joint is directly infected with a microorganism from an injury or during surgery. The most common sites for this type of infection are the knee and hip. Most cases of acute septic arthritis are caused by bacteria such as staphylococcus or streptococcus. Chronic septic arthritis (which is less common) is caused by organisms such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Candida albicans.
Diagnosis
History and Symptoms
Septic arthritis should be considered whenever one is assessing a patient with joint pain. Usually only one joint is affected (monoarthritis) however in seeding arthritis, several joints can be affected simultaneously; this is especially the case when the infection is caused by staphylococcus or gonococcus bacteria.