Echinococcosis laboratory findings

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]; Kalsang Dolma, M.B.B.S.[3]

Laboratory Findings

Serologic Tests

Cystic Echinococcosis

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the indirect hemagglutination test are highly sensitive procedures for the initial screening of serum. Specific confirmation of reactivity can be obtained by demonstrating echinococcal antigens by immunodiffusion (arc 5) procedures or immunoblot assays (8-, 21 –kD bands).

Alveolar Echinococcosis

Serologic test results are usually positive at high titers. Comparing a patient’s titers with both purified-specific and shared antigens permits the serologic discrimination between patients infected with E. multilocularis and those infected with E. granulosus.

Laboratory Tets	Findings
CBC	Lymphopenia Eosinophilia is rare
Antibody testing (Immunoglobulin concentrations)	Increase in levels of gammaglobulins Increase in immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels Mild elevation of immunoglobulin A (IgA) and immunoglobulin M (IgM).
Liver function tests	GGT is elevated Akaline phosphatase levels increase later than GGT levels and are observed only in symptomatic patients. Conjugated bilirubin levels increase in symptomatic patients who are diagnosed with jaundice. Levels of aminotransferases increase only when associated with necrosis. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) is equal to alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Prothrombin time decreases because of cholestasis, which can usually be corrected with vitamin K supplementation. Factor V levels decrease in rare cases of hepatic failure (eg, secondary biliary cirrhosis, Budd-Chiari syndrome).
Serology tests