Herpes zoster history and symptoms: Difference between revisions
No edit summary |
|||
| Line 7: | Line 7: | ||
The initial phase is followed, in most cases, by development of the characteristic skin rashes of herpes zoster. The rash is visually similar to [[hives]], and follow a distribution near [[dermatome]]s, commonly occurring in a stripe or belt-like pattern. The rash evolves into vesicles or small [[blister]]s filled with [[serous fluid]]. The vesicles are generally painful, and their development is often associated with the occurrence of anxiety and further flu-like symptoms, such as fever, tiredness, and generalized pain. The vesicles eventually become hemorrhagic (filled with blood), and crust over within seven to 10 days. As the crusts fall off, patients are rarely left with scarring and pigmented skin. | The initial phase is followed, in most cases, by development of the characteristic skin rashes of herpes zoster. The rash is visually similar to [[hives]], and follow a distribution near [[dermatome]]s, commonly occurring in a stripe or belt-like pattern. The rash evolves into vesicles or small [[blister]]s filled with [[serous fluid]]. The vesicles are generally painful, and their development is often associated with the occurrence of anxiety and further flu-like symptoms, such as fever, tiredness, and generalized pain. The vesicles eventually become hemorrhagic (filled with blood), and crust over within seven to 10 days. As the crusts fall off, patients are rarely left with scarring and pigmented skin. | ||
{| align="center" | {| align="center" | ||
| Line 32: | Line 28: | ||
Infection late in gestation or immediately following birth is referred to as "''neonatal varicella''".<ref>{{cite journal |author=Sauerbrei A, Wutzler P |title=Neonatal varicella |journal=J Perinatol |volume=21 |issue=8 |pages=545–9 |year=2001 |month=December |pmid=11774017 |doi=10.1038/sj.jp.7210599 |url=http://www.nature.com/jp/journal/v21/n8/abs/7210599a.html}}</ref> Maternal infection is associated with premature delivery. The risk of the baby developing the disease is greatest following exposure to infection in the period 7 days prior to delivery and up to 7 days following the birth. The baby may also be exposed to the virus via infectious siblings or other contacts, but this is of less concern if the mother is immune. Newborns who develop symptoms are at a high risk of [[pneumonia]] and other serious complications of the disease.<ref name="pregnancy">{{cite web | author=Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists | title=Chickenpox in Pregnancy | url=http://www.rcog.org.uk/files/rcog-corp/uploaded-files/GT13ChickenpoxinPregnancy2007.pdf |format=PDF| month=September | year=2007 | accessdate=2009-07-22}}</ref> | Infection late in gestation or immediately following birth is referred to as "''neonatal varicella''".<ref>{{cite journal |author=Sauerbrei A, Wutzler P |title=Neonatal varicella |journal=J Perinatol |volume=21 |issue=8 |pages=545–9 |year=2001 |month=December |pmid=11774017 |doi=10.1038/sj.jp.7210599 |url=http://www.nature.com/jp/journal/v21/n8/abs/7210599a.html}}</ref> Maternal infection is associated with premature delivery. The risk of the baby developing the disease is greatest following exposure to infection in the period 7 days prior to delivery and up to 7 days following the birth. The baby may also be exposed to the virus via infectious siblings or other contacts, but this is of less concern if the mother is immune. Newborns who develop symptoms are at a high risk of [[pneumonia]] and other serious complications of the disease.<ref name="pregnancy">{{cite web | author=Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists | title=Chickenpox in Pregnancy | url=http://www.rcog.org.uk/files/rcog-corp/uploaded-files/GT13ChickenpoxinPregnancy2007.pdf |format=PDF| month=September | year=2007 | accessdate=2009-07-22}}</ref> | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 14:33, 2 January 2013
|
Herpes zoster Microchapters |
|
Diagnosis |
|---|
|
History and Symptoms |
|
Treatment |
|
Case Studies |
|
Herpes zoster history and symptoms On the Web |
|
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Herpes zoster history and symptoms |
|
Risk calculators and risk factors for Herpes zoster history and symptoms |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; L. Katie Morrison, MD; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]
History and Symptoms
The earliest symptoms (constituting the prodrome) of shingles include headache, sensitivity to light, fever, and malaise, all of which may be followed by itching, tingling, and pain within one to seven days. The pain may be extreme in the affected nerve, where the rash will later develop, and can be characterized as stinging, tingling, aching, numbing, or throbbing, and can be pronounced with quick stabs of intensity. During this phase, herpes zoster is frequently misdiagnosed as other diseases with similar symptoms, including heart attacks and renal colic. Some patients may have these symptoms without developing the characteristic rash. This situation, known as "zoster sine herpete," can delay diagnosis and treatment.
The initial phase is followed, in most cases, by development of the characteristic skin rashes of herpes zoster. The rash is visually similar to hives, and follow a distribution near dermatomes, commonly occurring in a stripe or belt-like pattern. The rash evolves into vesicles or small blisters filled with serous fluid. The vesicles are generally painful, and their development is often associated with the occurrence of anxiety and further flu-like symptoms, such as fever, tiredness, and generalized pain. The vesicles eventually become hemorrhagic (filled with blood), and crust over within seven to 10 days. As the crusts fall off, patients are rarely left with scarring and pigmented skin.
| Day 1 | Day 2 | Day 5 | Day 6 |
|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
Congenital Varicella Syndrome
Varicella infection in pregnant women could lead to viral transmission via the placenta and infection of the fetus. If infection occurs during the first 28 weeks of gestation, this can lead to fetal varicella syndrome (also known as congenital varicella syndrome).[1] Effects on the fetus can range in severity from underdeveloped toes and fingers to severe anal and bladder malformation. Possible problems include:
- Damage to brain: encephalitis,[2] microcephaly, hydrocephaly, aplasia of brain
- Damage to the eye: optic stalk, optic cup, and lens vesicles, microphthalmia, cataracts, chorioretinitis, optic atrophy
- Other neurological disorder: damage to cervical and lumbosacral spinal cord, motor/sensory deficits, absent deep tendon reflexes, anisocoria/Horner's syndrome
- Damage to body: hypoplasia of upper/lower extremities, anal and bladder sphincter dysfunction
- Skin disorders: (cicatricial) skin lesions, hypopigmentation
Infection late in gestation or immediately following birth is referred to as "neonatal varicella".[3] Maternal infection is associated with premature delivery. The risk of the baby developing the disease is greatest following exposure to infection in the period 7 days prior to delivery and up to 7 days following the birth. The baby may also be exposed to the virus via infectious siblings or other contacts, but this is of less concern if the mother is immune. Newborns who develop symptoms are at a high risk of pneumonia and other serious complications of the disease.[4]
References
- ↑ Boussault P, Boralevi F, Labbe L, Sarlangue J, Taïeb A, Leaute-Labreze C (2007). "Chronic varicella-zoster skin infection complicating the congenital varicella syndrome". Pediatr Dermatol. 24 (4): 429–32. doi:10.1111/j.1525-1470.2007.00471.x. PMID 17845179.
- ↑ Matsuo T, Koyama M, Matsuo N (1990). "Acute retinal necrosis as a novel complication of chickenpox in adults". Br J Ophthalmol. 74 (7): 443–4. doi:10.1136/bjo.74.7.443. PMC 1042160. PMID 2378860. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Sauerbrei A, Wutzler P (2001). "Neonatal varicella". J Perinatol. 21 (8): 545–9. doi:10.1038/sj.jp.7210599. PMID 11774017. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (2007). "Chickenpox in Pregnancy" (PDF). Retrieved 2009-07-22. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help)