Adenoiditis: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | |||
'''Adenoiditis''' is the [[inflammation]] of the [[adenoid]] tissue, usually caused by an [[infection]]. Adenoiditis is treated using [[medication]] ([[antibiotics]] and/or [[steroids]]) or [[surgical]] intervention. | '''Adenoiditis''' is the [[inflammation]] of the [[adenoid]] tissue, usually caused by an [[infection]]. Adenoiditis is treated using [[medication]] ([[antibiotics]] and/or [[steroids]]) or [[surgical]] intervention. | ||
Adenoiditis may present with [[common cold|cold like symptoms]]. However, adenoiditis symptoms often persist for ten or more days, and often include [[pus]] like discharge from nose. | Adenoiditis may present with [[common cold|cold like symptoms]]. However, adenoiditis symptoms often persist for ten or more days, and often include [[pus]] like discharge from nose. | ||
The infection cause is usually [[viral infection|viral]]. However, if the adenoiditis is caused by a [[bacterial infection]], antibiotics may be prescribed for treatment. A steroidal [[nasal spray]] may also be prescribed in order to reduce [[nasal congestion]]. Severe or recurring adenoiditis may require surgical removal of the adenoids ([[adenotonsillectomy]]). | The infection cause is usually [[viral infection|viral]]. However, if the adenoiditis is caused by a [[bacterial infection]], antibiotics may be prescribed for treatment. A steroidal [[nasal spray]] may also be prescribed in order to reduce [[nasal congestion]]. Severe or recurring adenoiditis may require surgical removal of the adenoids ([[adenotonsillectomy]]). | ||
==History and Symptoms== | |||
===Symptoms=== | |||
== | |||
Acute adenoiditis is characterized by [[fever]], runny nose, nasal airway obstruction resulting in predominantly oral breathing, snoring and sleep apnea, rhinorrhea with serous secretion in viral forms and mucous-purulent secretion in bacterial forms. In cases due to viral infection symptoms usually recede spontaneously after 48 hours, symptoms of bacterial adenoiditis typically persist up to a week. Adenoiditis is sometimes accompanied by [[tonsillitis]]. Repeated adenoiditis may lead to enlarged adenoids. | Acute adenoiditis is characterized by [[fever]], runny nose, nasal airway obstruction resulting in predominantly oral breathing, snoring and sleep apnea, rhinorrhea with serous secretion in viral forms and mucous-purulent secretion in bacterial forms. In cases due to viral infection symptoms usually recede spontaneously after 48 hours, symptoms of bacterial adenoiditis typically persist up to a week. Adenoiditis is sometimes accompanied by [[tonsillitis]]. Repeated adenoiditis may lead to enlarged adenoids. | ||
==Natural History, Complications and Prognosis== | |||
===Complications=== | ===Complications=== | ||
Complications of acute adenoiditis can occur due to extension of inflammation to the neighboring organs. | Complications of acute adenoiditis can occur due to extension of inflammation to the neighboring organs. | ||
==Causes== | |||
Viruses that may cause adenoiditis include [[adenovirus]], [[rhinovirus]] and [[paramyxovirus]]. | |||
Bacterial causes include [[Streptococcus pyogenes]], [[Streptococcus pneumoniae]], [[Moraxella catarrhalis]] and various species of [[Staphylococcus]] including [[Staphylococcus aureus]]. | |||
==Other Imaging Findings== | |||
[[Optical fiber endoscopy]] can confirm the diagnosis of adenoiditis in cases of doubt by directly visualizing the inflamed [[adenoid]]. | |||
== | ==Medical Therapy== | ||
===Pharmacotherapy=== | |||
In cases of viral adenoiditis, treatment with [[analgesic]]s or [[antipyretic]]s is often sufficient. Bacterial adenoiditis may be treated with [[antibiotic]]s, such as [[amoxicillin - clavulanic acid]] or a [[cephalosporin]]. In case of adenoid hypertrophy, [[adenoidectomy]] may be performed to remove the adenoid. | In cases of viral adenoiditis, treatment with [[analgesic]]s or [[antipyretic]]s is often sufficient. Bacterial adenoiditis may be treated with [[antibiotic]]s, such as [[amoxicillin - clavulanic acid]] or a [[cephalosporin]]. In case of adenoid hypertrophy, [[adenoidectomy]] may be performed to remove the adenoid. | ||
==Epidemiology and Demographics== | |||
===Age=== | |||
==Epidemiology== | |||
Adenoiditis occurs mainly in childhood, often associated with acute tonsillitis. Incidence decreases with age, with adenoiditis being rare in children over 15 years due to physiological atrophy of the adenoid tissue. | Adenoiditis occurs mainly in childhood, often associated with acute tonsillitis. Incidence decreases with age, with adenoiditis being rare in children over 15 years due to physiological atrophy of the adenoid tissue. | ||
==Related Chapters== | ==Related Chapters== | ||
* [[Tonsilitis]] | * [[Tonsilitis]] | ||
[[Category:Needs content]] | [[Category:Needs content]] | ||
[[Category:Disease]] | [[Category:Disease]] | ||
Revision as of 16:51, 11 December 2012
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
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Overview
Adenoiditis is the inflammation of the adenoid tissue, usually caused by an infection. Adenoiditis is treated using medication (antibiotics and/or steroids) or surgical intervention.
Adenoiditis may present with cold like symptoms. However, adenoiditis symptoms often persist for ten or more days, and often include pus like discharge from nose.
The infection cause is usually viral. However, if the adenoiditis is caused by a bacterial infection, antibiotics may be prescribed for treatment. A steroidal nasal spray may also be prescribed in order to reduce nasal congestion. Severe or recurring adenoiditis may require surgical removal of the adenoids (adenotonsillectomy).
History and Symptoms
Symptoms
Acute adenoiditis is characterized by fever, runny nose, nasal airway obstruction resulting in predominantly oral breathing, snoring and sleep apnea, rhinorrhea with serous secretion in viral forms and mucous-purulent secretion in bacterial forms. In cases due to viral infection symptoms usually recede spontaneously after 48 hours, symptoms of bacterial adenoiditis typically persist up to a week. Adenoiditis is sometimes accompanied by tonsillitis. Repeated adenoiditis may lead to enlarged adenoids.
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Complications
Complications of acute adenoiditis can occur due to extension of inflammation to the neighboring organs.
Causes
Viruses that may cause adenoiditis include adenovirus, rhinovirus and paramyxovirus.
Bacterial causes include Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis and various species of Staphylococcus including Staphylococcus aureus.
Other Imaging Findings
Optical fiber endoscopy can confirm the diagnosis of adenoiditis in cases of doubt by directly visualizing the inflamed adenoid.
Medical Therapy
Pharmacotherapy
In cases of viral adenoiditis, treatment with analgesics or antipyretics is often sufficient. Bacterial adenoiditis may be treated with antibiotics, such as amoxicillin - clavulanic acid or a cephalosporin. In case of adenoid hypertrophy, adenoidectomy may be performed to remove the adenoid.
Epidemiology and Demographics
Age
Adenoiditis occurs mainly in childhood, often associated with acute tonsillitis. Incidence decreases with age, with adenoiditis being rare in children over 15 years due to physiological atrophy of the adenoid tissue.