Clinical depression overview

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

On the Threshold of Eternity. In 1890, Vincent van Gogh painted this picture seen by some as symbolizing the despair and hopelessness felt in depression. Van Gogh himself suffered from depression and committed suicide later that same year.

Clinical depression is a psychiatric disorder, characterized by a pervasive low mood, loss of interest in usual activities and diminished ability to experience pleasure.

Although the term "depression" is commonly used to describe a temporary depressed mood when one "feels blue", clinical depression is a serious and often disabling condition that can significantly affect a person's work, family and school life, sleeping and eating habits, general health and ability to enjoy life. The course of clinical depression varies widely: depression can be a once in a lifetime event or have multiple recurrences, it can appear either gradually or suddenly, and can either last for a few months or be a life-long disorder. Depression is a major risk factor for suicide; in addition, people with depression suffer from higher mortality from other causes.

Clinical depression may be isolated or be a secondary result of a primary condition such as bipolar disorder or chronic pain. When specific treatment is indicated, it usually consists of psychotherapy and antidepressants.