Uremic pericarditis physical examination

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor-In-Chief: Varun Kumar, M.B.B.S.; Lakshmi Gopalakrishnan, M.B.B.S.

Physical examination

Patients may present with fever, cachexia and varying levels of consciousness.

Vital Signs

Pulse

The heart rate may be slow due to autonomic impairment or an arrhythmia such as atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, heart block or a ventricular arrhythmia may be present due to anelectrolyte imbalance.

Blood Pressure

Hypotension and pulsus paradoxus are present in cardiac tamponade.

Neck

Jugular venous distension with a prominent Y descent and Kussmaul's sign

Heart

Ewart's sign may be present. This includes a pericardial knock, pericardial rub(heard best while leaning forwards) and distant heart sounds

Abdomen

Hepatomegaly

Ascites

Extremities

Ankle edema