Perforated eardrum: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 21:37, 6 February 2013

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

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Synonyms and keywords: Tympanic membrane perforation; eardrum - ruptured or perforated

Overview

Historical Perspective

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Perforated eardrum from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Case Studies

Case #1

hr:Perforirani bubnjić

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 {{SK}} Tympanic membrane perforation; eardrum - ruptured or perforated
-==Overview==
+==[[Perforated eardrum overview|Overview]]==
-Rupture or perforation (hole) of the [[eardrum]] can occur in [[infection]], [[Physical trauma|trauma]] (e.g. by trying to clean the ear with sharp instruments), explosion or loud noise. Flying with a severe cold can also cause perforation due to changes in air pressure and blocked [[eustachian tube]]s resulting from the cold. This is especially true on landing.
-Perforation of the eardrum leads to [[conductive hearing loss]].
+==[[Perforated eardrum historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==
-The perforation may heal in a few weeks, or up to a few months. Some perforations require intervention - this may use a paper patch to promote healing (simple procedure in the office of an ear, nose and throat specialist), or surgery ([[tympanoplasty]]).
+==[[Perforated eardrum pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==
-Hearing is usually recovered fully, but chronic infection over a long period may lead to permanent hearing loss.
+==[[Perforated eardrum causes|Causes]]==
-==Causes==
+==[[Perforated eardrum differential diagnosis|Differentiating Perforated eardrum from other Diseases]]==
-Ear infections may cause a ruptured eardrum, more often in children. The infection causes pus or fluid to build up behind the [[eardrum]]. As the pressure increases, the eardrum may break open (rupture).
-Damage to the eardrum can also occur from:
+==[[Perforated eardrum epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==
-*A very loud noise close to the ear, such as a gunshot
-*A rapid change in ear pressure, which may occur when flying, scuba diving, or driving in the mountains
-*Foreign objects in the ear
-*Injury to the ear (such as a powerful slap or explosion)
-*Inserting cotton-tipped swabs or small objects into the ear to clean them
-==Natural History, Complications and Prognosis==
+==[[Perforated eardrum risk factors|Risk Factors]]==
-===Prognosis===
-The opening in the [[eardrum]] usually heals by itself within 2 months. Any [[hearing loss]] is most often short-term.
-Rarely, other problems may occur, such as:
-*Long-term [[hearing loss]]
+==[[Perforated eardrum natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]==
-*Spread of infection to the bone behind the ear [[mastoiditis]]
-*Long-term [[vertigo]] and [[dizziness]]
 ==Diagnosis==
-===Symptoms===
-Ear [[pain]] may suddenly decrease right after the [[eardrum]] ruptures.
-After the rupture, the patient may have:
+[[Perforated eardrum history and symptoms|History and Symptoms ]] | [[ Perforated eardrum physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Perforated eardrum laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Perforated eardrum other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Perforated eardrum other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]
-*Drainage from the ear (drainage may be clear, [[pus]], or bloody)
-*Ear noise/ buzzing
-*[[Earache]] or ear discomfort
-*[[Hearing loss]] in the involved ear (hearing loss may not be total)
-*Weakness of the face, or [[dizziness]] (in more severe cases)
-===Physical Examination===
-====Ear Nose and Throat====
-An otoscope or a microscope is used to look into the patients ears. If the [[eardrum]] is ruptured, an opening would be seen, and even the bones of the [[middle ear]] may be seen.
-Sometimes it is hard to see the [[eardrum]] because of drainage (pus) from the ear.
-{| align:left
-| [[Image:TYMPANIC PERFORATION LEFT LABELED.jpg|thumb|250px|Picture of a central left tympanic membrane perforation.]] || [[Image:TM Perforation Labeled 2 .jpg|thumb|250px|Picture of  left tympanic membrane perforation.]] || [[Image:TM perforation SQ 478 L.jpg|thumb|250px|Picture of right inferior tympanic membrane perforation.]]
-|}
 ==Treatment==
-===Medical Therapy===
+[[Perforated eardrum medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Perforated eardrum surgery |Surgery]] | [[Perforated eardrum primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Perforated eardrum secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] | [[Perforated eardrum cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Perforated eardrum future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]
-Putting warmth on the ear may help relieve discomfort.
-Painkillers such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen may be used to relieve pain.
-Antibiotics (oral or ear drops) may be used to prevent or treat an infection.
-Keep the ear clean and dry while it is healing
-Place cotton balls in the ear while showering or shampooing to prevent water from entering the ear.
-Avoid swimming or putting your head underneath the water.
-Sometimes a patch may be placed over the [[eardrum]] to speed healing.
-===Surgery===
-Surgical repair of the eardrum [[tympanoplasty]] may be needed if the eardrum does not heal on its own.
-==References==
+==Case Studies==
-{{reflist|2}}
+[[Perforated eardrum case study one|Case #1]]
 [[hr:Perforirani bubnjić]]

Perforated eardrum: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 21:37, 6 February 2013

Diagnosis

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