Pacemaker syndrome echocardiography

Pacemaker syndrome Microchapters
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Raviteja Guddeti, M.B.B.S. [2]

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Echocardiography

• Transthoracic echocardiogram may reveal reduced cardiac output especially with the ventricular paced rhythms.

• Lee and associates reported the following findings on transesophageal echocardiogram:

• • Higher atrial reverse velocities

• • Spontaneous echo contrast in the descending aorta

• • Mitral regurgitation in ventricularly paced rhythms

References

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