Allergy historical perspective: Difference between revisions
No edit summary |
No edit summary |
||
| Line 7: | Line 7: | ||
==Historical Perspective== | ==Historical Perspective== | ||
The concept "allergy" was originally introduced in 1906 by the Viennese [[pediatrician]] [[Clemens von Pirquet]], after noting that some of his patients were hypersensitive to normally innocuous entities such as dust, [[pollen]], or certain foods. | The concept "allergy" was originally introduced in 1906 by the Viennese [[pediatrician]] [[Clemens von Pirquet]], after noting that some of his patients were hypersensitive to normally innocuous entities such as dust, [[pollen]], or certain foods. Pirquet called this phenomenon "allergy" from the Greek words ''allos'' meaning "other" and ''ergon'' meaning "work".<ref>{{cite journal|author=Von Pirquet C|year=1906|title=Allergie|journal=Munch Med Wochenschr|volume=53|pages=1457}}</ref> Historically, all forms of hypersensitivity were classified as allergies, and all were thought to be caused by an improper activation of the immune system. Later, it became clear that several different [[disease]] mechanisms were implicated, with the common link to a disordered activation of the immune system. In 1963, a new classification scheme was designed by [[Philip George Houthem Gell|Philip Gell]] and [[Robin Coombs]] that described four types of [[hypersensitivities|hypersensitivity reactions]], known as Type I to Type IV hypersensitivity.<ref name=GellCoombs>{{cite book |author=Gell PGH, Coombs RRA. |title=Clinical Aspects of Immunology |publisher=Blackwell |location=London |year=1963}}</ref> With this new classification, the word "allergy" was restricted to only type I hypersensitivities (also called immediate hypersensitivity), which are characterized as rapidly developing reactions. | ||
A major breakthrough in understanding the mechanisms of allergy was the discovery of the antibody class labeled [[immunoglobulin E]] (IgE) - [[Kimishige Ishizaka]] and co-workers were the first to isolate and describe IgE in the 1960s.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Ishizaka K, Ishizaka T, Hornbrook MM |title=Physico-chemical properties of human reaginic antibody. IV. Presence of a unique immunoglobulin as a carrier of reaginic activity |journal=J. Immunol. |volume=97 |issue=1 |pages=75–85 |year=1966 |pmid=4162440 |doi=}}</ref> | A major breakthrough in understanding the mechanisms of allergy was the discovery of the antibody class labeled [[immunoglobulin E]] (IgE) - [[Kimishige Ishizaka]] and co-workers were the first to isolate and describe IgE in the 1960s.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Ishizaka K, Ishizaka T, Hornbrook MM |title=Physico-chemical properties of human reaginic antibody. IV. Presence of a unique immunoglobulin as a carrier of reaginic activity |journal=J. Immunol. |volume=97 |issue=1 |pages=75–85 |year=1966 |pmid=4162440 |doi=}}</ref> | ||
Revision as of 15:20, 11 February 2013
|
Allergy Microchapters |
|
Diagnosis |
|---|
|
Treatment |
|
Case Studies |
|
Allergy historical perspective On the Web |
|
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Allergy historical perspective |
|
Risk calculators and risk factors for Allergy historical perspective |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Allergy, as a concept, was first defined in the early 1900s. It has later developed into several different disease mechanisms related to disordered activation of immune system. The overall study of allergy, as a concept, drastically evolved in the 1960s with the discovery of immunoglobulin E (IgE) - Kimishige Ishizaka.
Historical Perspective
The concept "allergy" was originally introduced in 1906 by the Viennese pediatrician Clemens von Pirquet, after noting that some of his patients were hypersensitive to normally innocuous entities such as dust, pollen, or certain foods. Pirquet called this phenomenon "allergy" from the Greek words allos meaning "other" and ergon meaning "work".[1] Historically, all forms of hypersensitivity were classified as allergies, and all were thought to be caused by an improper activation of the immune system. Later, it became clear that several different disease mechanisms were implicated, with the common link to a disordered activation of the immune system. In 1963, a new classification scheme was designed by Philip Gell and Robin Coombs that described four types of hypersensitivity reactions, known as Type I to Type IV hypersensitivity.[2] With this new classification, the word "allergy" was restricted to only type I hypersensitivities (also called immediate hypersensitivity), which are characterized as rapidly developing reactions.
A major breakthrough in understanding the mechanisms of allergy was the discovery of the antibody class labeled immunoglobulin E (IgE) - Kimishige Ishizaka and co-workers were the first to isolate and describe IgE in the 1960s.[3]
References
- ↑ Von Pirquet C (1906). "Allergie". Munch Med Wochenschr. 53: 1457.
- ↑ Gell PGH, Coombs RRA. (1963). Clinical Aspects of Immunology. London: Blackwell.
- ↑ Ishizaka K, Ishizaka T, Hornbrook MM (1966). "Physico-chemical properties of human reaginic antibody. IV. Presence of a unique immunoglobulin as a carrier of reaginic activity". J. Immunol. 97 (1): 75–85. PMID 4162440.