Pulmonary embolism laboratory findings: Difference between revisions
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*Workup for [[hypercoagulation]]: which include | *Workup for [[hypercoagulation]]: which include | ||
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**[[Protein C]] | **[[Protein C]] | ||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
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Revision as of 15:14, 8 March 2013
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Pulmonary Embolism Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Pulmonary Embolism Assessment of Probability of Subsequent VTE and Risk Scores |
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Treatment |
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Follow-Up |
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Special Scenario |
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Trials |
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Case Studies |
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Pulmonary embolism laboratory findings On the Web |
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Directions to Hospitals Treating Pulmonary embolism laboratory findings |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Pulmonary embolism laboratory findings |
Editor(s)-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1], The APEX Trial Investigators; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]
Overview
The results of routine laboratory tests including arterial blood gas analysis are non-specific in making the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. These laboratory studies can be obtained to rule-out other cause of chest discomfort and tachypnea. In patients with acute pulmonary embolism, non-specific lab findings include: leukocytosis, elevated ESR with an elevated serum LDH and serum transaminase (especially AST or SGOT).
Laboratory Findings
- Arterial blood gas
- Plasma D-dimer
- Plasma D-dimer>500 ng/ml, PE present (Found to be 97% sensitive and 45% specific)
- Plasma D-dimer<500 excludes PE (Have a high negative predictive value)
- Workup for hypercoagulation: which include
- Activated protein C resistance
- Factor V Leiden mutation
- Protein C
- protein S, free and total.
- Antithrombin
- Lupus anticoagulant
- Anticardiolipin antibodies
- Plasma homocysteine values
- In patients with acute pulmonary embolism, routine laboratory findings are non-specific and include:
- Leukocytosis
- Elevated ESR with an elevated serum LDH and serum transaminase (especially AST or SGOT).
- Serum bilirubin levels are found to be within normal limits.
- In patients with suspected pulmonary embolism, routine laboratory tests are ordered to exclude the secondary causes of PE. These tests include:
- Complete blood count
- Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
- Coagulation studies to assess for hypercoagulable states.
- Other screening tests such as renal function tests, liver function tests and electrolyte assessment.