Autism screening: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 22:17, 30 March 2018

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Screening

The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that all children be screened for ASD at the 18- and 24-months using autism-specific formal screening tests.^[1]^[2]

Screening options

Screening tools for ASD include:^[3]

Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT)
The Early Screening of Autistic Traits Questionnaire
The First Year Inventory; initial data on M-CHAT and its predecessor CHAT

.

High Risk Individuals

Following signs are reason to have a child evaluated by a specialist without delay:

No babbling by 12 months.
No gesturing (pointing, waving goodbye, etc.) by 12 months.
No single words by 16 months.
No two-word spontaneous phrases (not including echolalia) by 24 months.
Any loss of any language or social skills, at any age.

References

↑ Johnson CP, Myers SM, Council on Children with Disabilities (2007). "Identification and evaluation of children with autism spectrum disorders". Pediatrics. 120 (5): 1183–215. doi:10.1542/peds.2007-2361. PMID 17967920. Lay summary – AAP (2007-10-29).
↑ Williams J, Brayne C (2006). "Screening for autism spectrum disorders: what is the evidence?". Autism. 10 (1): 11–35. doi:10.1177/1362361306057876. PMID 16522708.
↑ Wallis KE, Pinto-Martin J (2008). "The challenge of screening for autism spectrum disorder in a culturally diverse society". Acta Paediatr. 97 (5): 539–40. doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.2008.00720.x. PMID 18373717.

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[Johnson-1] Johnson CP, Myers SM, Council on Children with Disabilities (2007). "Identification and evaluation of children with autism spectrum disorders". Pediatrics. 120 (5): 1183–215. doi:10.1542/peds.2007-2361. PMID 17967920. Lay summary – AAP (2007-10-29).

[2] Williams J, Brayne C (2006). "Screening for autism spectrum disorders: what is the evidence?". Autism. 10 (1): 11–35. doi:10.1177/1362361306057876. PMID 16522708.

[3] Wallis KE, Pinto-Martin J (2008). "The challenge of screening for autism spectrum disorder in a culturally diverse society". Acta Paediatr. 97 (5): 539–40. doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.2008.00720.x. PMID 18373717.

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@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 {{Autism}}
 {{CMG}}
+== Overview ==
 ==Screening==
-About half of parents of children with ASD notice their child's unusual behaviors by age 18 months, and about four-fifths notice by age 24 months. As postponing treatment may affect long-term outcome, any of the following signs are reason to have a child evaluated by a specialist without delay:
+The [[American Academy of Pediatrics]] recommends that all children be [[Screening (medicine)|screened]] for ASD at the 18- and 24-months using autism-specific formal screening tests.<ref name="Johnson">{{cite journal |journal=Pediatrics |date=2007 |volume=120 |issue=5 |pages=1183–215 |title= Identification and evaluation of children with autism spectrum disorders |author= Johnson CP, Myers SM, Council on Children with Disabilities |doi=10.1542/peds.2007-2361 |pmid=17967920 |url=http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/full/120/5/1183 |laysummary=http://aap.org/advocacy/releases/oct07autism.htm |laysource=AAP |laydate=2007-10-29}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |journal=Autism |date=2006 |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=11–35 |title= Screening for autism spectrum disorders: what is the evidence? |author= Williams J, Brayne C |doi=10.1177/1362361306057876 |pmid=16522708}}</ref>
+=== Screening options ===
+Screening tools for ASD include:<ref>{{cite journal |journal= Acta Paediatr |date=2008 |volume=97 |issue=5 |pages=539–40 |title= The challenge of screening for autism spectrum disorder in a culturally diverse society |author= Wallis KE, Pinto-Martin J |doi=10.1111/j.1651-2227.2008.00720.x |pmid=18373717}}</ref>
+* Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT)
+* The Early Screening of Autistic Traits Questionnaire
+* The First Year Inventory; initial data on M-CHAT and its predecessor CHAT
+.
+=== High Risk Individuals ===
+Following signs are reason to have a child evaluated by a specialist without delay:
 *No [[babbling]] by 12 months.
 *No [[Gesture|gesturing]] (pointing, waving goodbye, etc.) by 12 months.
 *No single words by 16 months.
 *No two-word spontaneous phrases (not including [[echolalia]]) by 24 months.
 *Any loss of any language or social skills, at any age.
-The [[American Academy of Pediatrics]] recommends that all children be [[Screening (medicine)|screened]] for ASD at the 18- and 24-month well-child doctor visits, using autism-specific formal screening tests.<ref name=Johnson>{{cite journal |journal=Pediatrics |date=2007 |volume=120 |issue=5 |pages=1183–215 |title= Identification and evaluation of children with autism spectrum disorders |author= Johnson CP, Myers SM, Council on Children with Disabilities |doi=10.1542/peds.2007-2361 |pmid=17967920 |url=http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/full/120/5/1183 |laysummary=http://aap.org/advocacy/releases/oct07autism.htm |laysource=AAP |laydate=2007-10-29}}</ref> In contrast, the UK National Screening Committee recommends against screening for ASD in the general population, because screening tools have not been fully validated and interventions lack sufficient evidence for effectiveness.<ref>{{cite journal |journal=Autism |date=2006 |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=11–35 |title= Screening for autism spectrum disorders: what is the evidence? |author= Williams J, Brayne C |doi=10.1177/1362361306057876 |pmid=16522708}}</ref> Screening tools include the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT), the Early Screening of Autistic Traits Questionnaire, and the First Year Inventory; initial data on M-CHAT and its predecessor CHAT on children aged 18–30 months suggests that it is best used in a clinical setting and that it has low [[Sensitivity (tests)|sensitivity]] (many false-negatives) but good [[Specificity (tests)|specificity]] (few false-positives). Screening tools designed for one culture's norms for behaviors like eye contact may be inappropriate for a different culture.<ref>{{cite journal |journal= Acta Paediatr |date=2008 |volume=97 |issue=5 |pages=539–40 |title= The challenge of screening for autism spectrum disorder in a culturally diverse society |author= Wallis KE, Pinto-Martin J |doi=10.1111/j.1651-2227.2008.00720.x |pmid=18373717}}</ref> Genetic screening for autism is generally still impractical.
 ==References==