Hypochloremia: Difference between revisions
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{{SK}} Hypochloraemia | |||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Hypochloremia is an [[electrolyte disturbance]] whereby there is an abnormally depleted level of the [[chloride]] ion in the [[blood]]. It rarely occurs in the absence of other abnormalities. If it occurs together with [[Alkalosis|metabolic alkalosis]] (decreased blood acidity) it is often due to [[vomiting]]. Chloride is a primary anion of the [[extracellular fluid]] compartment and aids in maintenance of acid-base balance. | |||
It can be associated with [[hypoventilation]].<ref name="pmid3764530">{{cite journal |author=Lavie CJ, Crocker EF, Key KJ, Ferguson TG |title=Marked hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis with severe compensatory hypoventilation |journal=South. Med. J. |volume=79 |issue=10 |pages=1296–9 |year=1986 |month=October |pmid=3764530 |doi= 10.1097/00007611-198610000-00025|url=http://meta.wkhealth.com/pt/pt-core/template-journal/lwwgateway/media/landingpage.htm?issn=0038-4348&volume=79&issue=10&spage=1296}}</ref> | It can be associated with [[hypoventilation]].<ref name="pmid3764530">{{cite journal |author=Lavie CJ, Crocker EF, Key KJ, Ferguson TG |title=Marked hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis with severe compensatory hypoventilation |journal=South. Med. J. |volume=79 |issue=10 |pages=1296–9 |year=1986 |month=October |pmid=3764530 |doi= 10.1097/00007611-198610000-00025|url=http://meta.wkhealth.com/pt/pt-core/template-journal/lwwgateway/media/landingpage.htm?issn=0038-4348&volume=79&issue=10&spage=1296}}</ref> | ||
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==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
===Common | ===Common Causes=== | ||
*[[Diarrhea]] | *[[Diarrhea]] | ||
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*[[Excessive sweating]] | *[[Excessive sweating]] | ||
=== | ===Causes by Organ System=== | ||
(By organ system) | (By organ system) | ||
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===Causes in | ===Causes in Alphabetical Order <ref>Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016</ref> <ref>Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X</ref>=== | ||
*[[ACTH-secreting tumors]] | *[[ACTH-secreting tumors]] | ||
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==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
===Laboratory Findings=== | ===Laboratory Findings=== | ||
Normal values of Chloride are 99-111 mEq/L (99-111 mmol/L). | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
==External | ==External Links== | ||
* [http://www.fpnotebook.com/REN12.htm FP Notebook] | * [http://www.fpnotebook.com/REN12.htm FP Notebook] | ||
Revision as of 18:16, 19 February 2013
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief:Aditya Govindavarjhulla, M.B.B.S. [2]
Synonyms and keywords: Hypochloraemia
Overview
Hypochloremia is an electrolyte disturbance whereby there is an abnormally depleted level of the chloride ion in the blood. It rarely occurs in the absence of other abnormalities. If it occurs together with metabolic alkalosis (decreased blood acidity) it is often due to vomiting. Chloride is a primary anion of the extracellular fluid compartment and aids in maintenance of acid-base balance.
It can be associated with hypoventilation.[1]
It can be associated with chronic respiratory acidosis.[2]
Causes
Common Causes
Causes by Organ System
(By organ system)
Causes in Alphabetical Order [3] [4]
Diagnosis
Laboratory Findings
Normal values of Chloride are 99-111 mEq/L (99-111 mmol/L).
References
- ↑ Lavie CJ, Crocker EF, Key KJ, Ferguson TG (1986). "Marked hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis with severe compensatory hypoventilation". South. Med. J. 79 (10): 1296–9. doi:10.1097/00007611-198610000-00025. PMID 3764530. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ LEVITIN H, BRANSCOME W, EPSTEIN FH (1958). "The pathogenesis of hypochloremia in respiratory acidosis". J. Clin. Invest. 37 (12): 1667–75. doi:10.1172/JCI103758. PMC 1062852. PMID 13611033. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016
- ↑ Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X
External Links
Template:Fluid, electrolyte, acid base metabolic pathology
Template:Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic pathology