Motor vehicle accident historical perspective: Difference between revisions
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== | ==Historical Perspective== | ||
=== Terminology === | |||
Many different terms are commonly used to describe vehicle collisions. The [[World Health Organization]] use the term ''road traffic injury'',<ref name="who.int">{{cite web |url=http://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/publications/road_traffic/world_report/en/index.html |title=WHO | World report on road traffic injury prevention |work= |accessdate=}}</ref> while the U.S. Census Bureau uses the term ''motor vehicle accidents (MVA)''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/cats/transportation/motor_vehicle_accidents_and_fatalities.html |title=The 2009 Statistical Abstract: Motor Vehicle Accidents and Fatalities |work= |accessdate=}}</ref> and Transport Canada uses the term "motor vehicle traffic collision" (MVTC).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/roadsafety/resources-researchstats-menu-847.htm |title=Statistics and Data - Road and Motor Vehicle Safety - Road Transportation - Transport Canada |work= |accessdate=}}</ref> Other terms that are commonly used include ''auto accident'', ''car accident'', ''car crash'', ''car smash'', ''car wreck'', ''motor vehicle collision'' (''MVC''), ''personal injury collision (''PIC''), ''road accident'', ''road traffic accident (''RTA''), ''road traffic collision (''RTC''), ''road traffic incident (''RTI''), ''road traffic accident'' and later ''road traffic collision'', as well as more unofficial terms including ''smash-up'' and ''fender bender''.[[File:Accident at Station 7.jpg|thumb|Traffic collision]] | |||
Some organizations have begun to avoid the term "accident". Although auto collisions are rare in terms of the number of vehicles on the road and the distance they travel, addressing the contributing factors can reduce their likelihood. For example, proper signage can decrease driver error and thereby reduce crash frequency by a third or more.<ref>Desktop Reference for Crash Reduction Factors Report No. FHWA-SA-07-015, Federal Highway Administration September, 2007 http://www.ite.org/safety/issuebriefs/Desktop%20Reference%20Complete.pdf</ref> That is why these organizations prefer the term "collision" rather than "accident". | |||
However, treating collisions as anything other than "accidents" has been criticized for holding back safety improvements, because a [[Organizational culture#Arthur F Carmazzi|culture of blame]] may discourage the involved parties from fully disclosing the facts, and thus frustrate attempts to address the real [[root cause]]s.<ref name=times69>{{cite news | publisher = The Times | date = 11 March 1969 | title = Cars And Drivers Accident prevention instead of blame | first = Geoffrey | last = Charles | note = Quoting from JJ Leeming in ''Accidents and their prevention'': "Blame for accidents seems to me to be at best irrelevant and at worst actively harmful." ... "Much of the Leeming case is that by attributing blame and instituting proceedings against the motorist, the law virtually guarantees that none of the participants will be wholly truthful, so that the factors that really led to the accident are never discovered." }}</ref> | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist|2}} | {{reflist|2}} | ||
Revision as of 21:19, 21 February 2013
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Vishnu Vardhan Serla M.B.B.S. [2]
Historical Perspective
Terminology
Many different terms are commonly used to describe vehicle collisions. The World Health Organization use the term road traffic injury,[1] while the U.S. Census Bureau uses the term motor vehicle accidents (MVA)[2] and Transport Canada uses the term "motor vehicle traffic collision" (MVTC).[3] Other terms that are commonly used include auto accident, car accident, car crash, car smash, car wreck, motor vehicle collision (MVC), personal injury collision (PIC), road accident, road traffic accident (RTA), road traffic collision (RTC), road traffic incident (RTI), road traffic accident and later road traffic collision, as well as more unofficial terms including smash-up and fender bender.
Some organizations have begun to avoid the term "accident". Although auto collisions are rare in terms of the number of vehicles on the road and the distance they travel, addressing the contributing factors can reduce their likelihood. For example, proper signage can decrease driver error and thereby reduce crash frequency by a third or more.[4] That is why these organizations prefer the term "collision" rather than "accident".
However, treating collisions as anything other than "accidents" has been criticized for holding back safety improvements, because a culture of blame may discourage the involved parties from fully disclosing the facts, and thus frustrate attempts to address the real root causes.[5]
References
- ↑ "WHO | World report on road traffic injury prevention".
- ↑ "The 2009 Statistical Abstract: Motor Vehicle Accidents and Fatalities".
- ↑ "Statistics and Data - Road and Motor Vehicle Safety - Road Transportation - Transport Canada".
- ↑ Desktop Reference for Crash Reduction Factors Report No. FHWA-SA-07-015, Federal Highway Administration September, 2007 http://www.ite.org/safety/issuebriefs/Desktop%20Reference%20Complete.pdf
- ↑ Charles, Geoffrey (11 March 1969). "Cars And Drivers Accident prevention instead of blame". The Times. Unknown parameter
|note=ignored (help)