Mental disorder causes: Difference between revisions
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===Causes in Alphabetical Order=== | ===Causes in Alphabetical Order=== | ||
*Abnormal behavior | |||
*Abnormal functioning of neurotransmitter systems | |||
* | |||
*[[Abuse]] | *[[Abuse]] | ||
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*[[Anger]] | *[[Anger]] | ||
* | *Angry outbursts | ||
*[[Anorexia]] | *[[Anorexia]] | ||
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*[[Asperger syndrome]] | *[[Asperger syndrome]] | ||
* | *Attention deficit | ||
*[[Autism]] | *[[Autism]] | ||
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*[[Avoidant personality disorder]] | *[[Avoidant personality disorder]] | ||
* | *Behavioral disorders | ||
*[[Binge eating disorder]] | *[[Binge eating disorder]] | ||
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*[[Borna disease]] | *[[Borna disease]] | ||
* | *Brachioradial pruritus | ||
* | *Brain defects or injury | ||
*[[Brief psychotic disorder]] | *[[Brief psychotic disorder]] | ||
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*[[Bulimia]] | *[[Bulimia]] | ||
*[[Bullying ]] | *[[Bullying]] | ||
*[[Cancer]] | *[[Cancer]] | ||
*[[Cannabis | *[[Cannabis]] use | ||
* | *Changing jobs or schools | ||
*[[Childhood disintegrative disorder]] | *[[Childhood disintegrative disorder]] | ||
* | *Chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome | ||
*[[Cocaine use]] | *[[Cocaine use]] | ||
*[[ | *Comorbid [[anxiety]] | ||
*[[Conduct disorder]] | *[[Conduct disorder]] | ||
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*[[Cyclothymic disorder]] | *[[Cyclothymic disorder]] | ||
*[[Death or divorce]] | *[[Death]] or [[divorce]] | ||
*[[Delusional disorder]] | *[[Delusional disorder]] | ||
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*[[Developmental disorders]] | *[[Developmental disorders]] | ||
* | *Developmental language disorder | ||
* | *Difficulty delaying gratification | ||
*[[Disordered eating]] | *[[Disordered eating]] | ||
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*[[Dissociative identity disorder]] | *[[Dissociative identity disorder]] | ||
*[[Down syndrome (Trisomy 21) | *[[Down syndrome]] (Trisomy 21) | ||
*[[Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) | *[[Duchenne]] muscular dystrophy (DMD) | ||
* | *Dysfunctional family life | ||
* | *Dysthymic disorder | ||
*[[Eating disorders]] | *[[Eating disorders]] | ||
* | *Ego-syntonic symptoms | ||
*[[ | *Emotional [[maltreatment]] | ||
*[[ | *Emotional [[neglect]] | ||
* | *Emotional processes | ||
*[[ | *Environmental [stres[sors]] | ||
*[[Exhibitionism]] | *[[Exhibitionism]] | ||
*[[Experiences in the womb (mother who was exposed to viruses, toxins, drugs or alcohol during pregnancy)]] | *[[Experiences in the womb (mother who was exposed to [[viruses]], [[toxins]], [[drugs]] or [[alcohol]] during [[pregnancy]])]] | ||
*[[Exposure to toxins (such as lead)]] | *[[Exposure to [[toxins]] (such as [[lead]])]] | ||
*[[Externalizing and blaming the world for their behaviors and feelings]] | *[[Externalizing and blaming the world for their behaviors and feelings]] | ||
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*[[False perceptions (visual, auditory or olfactory)]] | *[[False perceptions (visual, auditory or olfactory)]] | ||
*[[ | *Feelings of [[inadequacy]] | ||
*[[Fetishism]] | *[[Fetishism]] | ||
* | *Financial problems | ||
*[[Fragile X Syndrome (FMR1) | *[[Fragile X Syndrome]] (FMR1) | ||
* | *Frequent mood swings | ||
* | *Frotteurism | ||
* | *Functional impairment (self-care, work, and interpersonal functioning) | ||
*[[Gambling | *[[Gambling]] addiction | ||
*[[Gender identity disorder]] | *[[Gender identity disorder]] | ||
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*[[Generalised anxiety disorder (GAD)]] | *[[Generalised anxiety disorder (GAD)]] | ||
*[[Genetic prenatal | *[[Genetic]] [[prenatal]] causes | ||
*[[Genetic | *[[Genetic]] vulnerabilities | ||
* | *Global developmental delay/intellectual disability | ||
*[[Hallucinations ]] | *[[Hallucinations ]] | ||
Revision as of 17:25, 22 February 2013
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Causes
Numerous factors have been linked to the development of mental disorders. In many cases there is no single accepted or consistent cause. A common view is that disorders often result from genetic vulnerabilities combining with environmental stressors (Diathesis-stress model). An eclectic or pluralistic mix of models may be used to explain particular disorders. The primary paradigm of contemporary mainstream Western psychiatry is said to be the biopsychosocial (BPS) model - incorporating biological, psychological and social factors - although this may not be applied in practice. Biopsychiatry has tended to follow a biomedical model, focusing on "organic" or "hardware" pathology of the brain. Psychoanalytic theories have been popular but are now less so. Evolutionary psychology may be used as an overall explanatory theory. Attachment theory is another kind of evolutionary-psychological approach sometimes applied in the context for mental disorders. A distinction is sometimes made between a "medical model" or a "social model" of disorder and related disability.
Genetic studies have indicated that genes often play an important role in the development of mental disorders, via developmental pathways interacting with environmental factors. The reliable identification of connections between specific genes and specific categories of disorder has proven more difficult.
Environmental events surrounding pregnancy and birth have also been implicated. Traumatic brain injury may increase the risk of developing certain mental disorders. There have been some tentative inconsistent links found to certain viral infections, to substance misuse, and to general physical health.
Abnormal functioning of neurotransmitter systems has been implicated, including serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine and glutamate systems. Differences have also been found in the size or activity of certain brains regions in some cases. Psychological mechanisms have also been implicated, such as cognitive and emotional processes, personality, temperament and coping style.
Social influences have been found to be important, including abuse, bullying and other negative or stressful life experiences. The specific risks and pathways to particular disorders are less clear, however. Aspects of the wider community have also been implicated, including employment problems, socioeconomic inequality, lack of social cohesion, problems linked to migration, and features of particular societies and cultures.
Causes in Alphabetical Order
- Abnormal behavior
- Abnormal functioning of neurotransmitter systems
- Angry outbursts
- Attention deficit
- Behavioral disorders
- Brachioradial pruritus
- Brain defects or injury
- Cannabis use
- Changing jobs or schools
- Chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome
- Comorbid anxiety
- Developmental language disorder
- Difficulty delaying gratification
- Down syndrome (Trisomy 21)
- Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD)
- Dysfunctional family life
- Dysthymic disorder
- Ego-syntonic symptoms
- Emotional maltreatment
- Emotional neglect
- Emotional processes
- Environmental [stres[sors]]
- [[Experiences in the womb (mother who was exposed to viruses, toxins, drugs or alcohol during pregnancy)]]
- Feelings of inadequacy
- Financial problems
- Fragile X Syndrome (FMR1)
- Frequent mood swings
- Frotteurism
- Functional impairment (self-care, work, and interpersonal functioning)
- Gambling addiction
- Genetic vulnerabilities
- Global developmental delay/intellectual disability