Diabetic foot physical examination

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Vishnu Vardhan Serla M.B.B.S. [2]

Physical Examination

Inspection

• Dilated veins
• Scar, Sinuses
• Shiny skin
• Hair distribution
• Areas of Pigmentation
• Areas of discolouration
• Varicose vein
• Ulcers
• Brittle or broken nail
• Fungal infection

Palpation

• Temperature (increase temperature- deep vein thrombosis, decrease temperature-ischemia)
• Tenderness (squeeze calf muscle and achilles tendon for tenderness)
• Pulsation- Dorsalis pedis
• Capillary filling time
• Ulcers in pressure areas like ball of great toe, base of fifth metatarsal, posterior aspect of heel

Motor Examination

• Nutrition/Bulk
• Tone
• Power
• Reflexes

Sensory

• Vibration
• Joint position sense