Rhabdomyolysis causes

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Injuries leading to rhabdomyolysis can be due to mechanical, physical, and chemical causes.

Causes

Mechanical Causes

• Crush trauma
• Burns
• Excessive exertion
• intractable convulsions
• Choreoathetosis
• Surgery
• Compression by a tourniquet left for too long
• Local muscle compression due to comatose states
• Compartment syndrome
• Rigidity due to neuroleptic malignant syndrome

Physical causes

• Hhigh fever or hyperthermia
• Electric current
• Extreme physical exertion (although most heavy exercise does not cause kidney damage)

Chemical causes

• Metabolic disorders,
• Anoxia of the muscle (e.g., Bywaters' syndrome, toxin- and drug-related)
• Various animal toxins
• Certain mushrooms like Tricholoma equestre
• Antibiotics
• Statin
• First-generation H1-receptor antagonists (e.g., diphenhydramine)
• Alcohol
• Heritable muscle enzyme deficiencies
• Electrolyte abnormalities
• Endocrinopathy
• Skeletal muscle relaxants that are consumed in overdose are rarely associated with this condition.
• Any drug that directly or indirectly impairs the production or use of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by skeletal muscle, or increases energy requirements so as to exceed ATP production, can cause rhabdomyolysis.