Bronchiolitis epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions
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==Bronchiolitis epidemiology and demographics<SMALL><SMALL><SMALL><SMALL><SMALL>Adapted from Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases<ref name="Mendell">{{Cite book | last1 = Mandell | first1 = Gerald L. | last2 = Bennett | first2 = John E. (John Eugene) | last3 = Dolin | first3 = Raphael. | title = Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious disease | date = 2010 | publisher = Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier | location = Philadelphia, PA | isbn = | pages = }}</ref></SMALL></SMALL></SMALL></SMALL></SMALL>== | |||
* Bronchiolitis usually affects children between the ages of 1 month and 1 year, with higher rates of severe disease in patients under 6 months of age. | |||
*The most common cause of bronchiolitis is [[RSV]] infection. | |||
*Almost all children will have had an [[RSV]] infection by their second birthday. 25% to 40% of children exposed to [[RSV]] for the first time will develop signs or symptoms of bronchiolitis or [[pneumonia]]. | |||
*0.5% to 2% of infants under 12 months of age are hospitalized due to bronchiolitis. 80% of hospitalized patients have less than 6 months of age. | |||
*Bronchiolitis presents a seasonal pattern which varies according to climate changes in different geographic locations: | |||
:* In temperate climates, RSV infections generally occur during fall, winter, and early spring (between November and March in the northern hemisphere). The timing and severity of [[RSV]] circulation in a given community can vary from year to year. | |||
:*In tropical areas, bronchiolitis can be seen throughout the year as [[RSV]] periods tend to be longer. Seasonal trends of bronchiolitis could be associated to other etiological [[pathogens]] with seasonal patterns. | |||
*Mortality rate is low despite the high number of hospitalizations:<ref name="pmid16860701">{{cite journal| author=Smyth RL, Openshaw PJ| title=Bronchiolitis. | journal=Lancet | year= 2006 | volume= 368 | issue= 9532 | pages= 312-22 | pmid=16860701 | doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69077-6 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16860701 }} </ref> | |||
:*Mortality rate due to bronchiolitis in the U.S. is 2 deaths per 100 000 livebirths and less than 400 deaths during the year. | |||
:*Mortality rate due to bronchiolitis in the UK is 1.82 per 100 000 livebirths. | |||
*Bronchiolitis and severe bronchiolitis is more common in males than in females:<ref name="pmid16860701">{{cite journal| author=Smyth RL, Openshaw PJ| title=Bronchiolitis. | journal=Lancet | year= 2006 | volume= 368 | issue= 9532 | pages= 312-22 | pmid=16860701 | doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69077-6 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16860701 }} </ref> | |||
:*The male to female ratio for severe bronchiolitis is 1.5:1. | |||
===Factors associated with hospitalization due to bronchiolitis<SMALL><SMALL><SMALL><SMALL><SMALL>Adapted from Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases<ref name="Mendell">{{Cite book | last1 = Mandell | first1 = Gerald L. | last2 = Bennett | first2 = John E. (John Eugene) | last3 = Dolin | first3 = Raphael. | title = Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious disease | date = 2010 | publisher = Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier | location = Philadelphia, PA | isbn = | pages = }}</ref></SMALL></SMALL></SMALL></SMALL></SMALL>=== | |||
*Less than 6 months of age. | |||
*Young maternal age. | |||
*Lower socioeconomic status. | |||
*Exposure to tobacco smoke. | |||
*Atopy history. | |||
*Older siblings. | |||
*Children who attend to daycare facilities. | |||
*Lack of breastfeed. | |||
*Native American and Native Alaskan children tend to have higher hospitalization rates due to bronchiolitis. | |||
:*Native American children hospitalization rate due to bronchiolitis: 70.9 per 1000 patients. | |||
<ref name="pmid16860701">{{cite journal| author=Smyth RL, Openshaw PJ| title=Bronchiolitis. | journal=Lancet | year= 2006 | volume= 368 | issue= 9532 | pages= 312-22 | pmid=16860701 | doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69077-6 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16860701 }} </ref> | |||
:*The male to female ratio for severe bronchiolitis is 1.5:1.:*Native Alaskan children hospitalization rate due to bronchiolitis: 48.2 per 1000 patients.<ref name="pmid16860701">{{cite journal| author=Smyth RL, Openshaw PJ| title=Bronchiolitis. | journal=Lancet | year= 2006 | volume= 368 | issue= 9532 | pages= 312-22 | pmid=16860701 | doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69077-6 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16860701 }} </ref> | |||
:*The male to female ratio for severe bronchiolitis is 1.5:1. | |||
==References== | ==References== |
Revision as of 19:48, 27 May 2014
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Bronchiolitis epidemiology and demographicsAdapted from Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases[1]
- Bronchiolitis usually affects children between the ages of 1 month and 1 year, with higher rates of severe disease in patients under 6 months of age.
- The most common cause of bronchiolitis is RSV infection.
- Almost all children will have had an RSV infection by their second birthday. 25% to 40% of children exposed to RSV for the first time will develop signs or symptoms of bronchiolitis or pneumonia.
- 0.5% to 2% of infants under 12 months of age are hospitalized due to bronchiolitis. 80% of hospitalized patients have less than 6 months of age.
- Bronchiolitis presents a seasonal pattern which varies according to climate changes in different geographic locations:
- In temperate climates, RSV infections generally occur during fall, winter, and early spring (between November and March in the northern hemisphere). The timing and severity of RSV circulation in a given community can vary from year to year.
- In tropical areas, bronchiolitis can be seen throughout the year as RSV periods tend to be longer. Seasonal trends of bronchiolitis could be associated to other etiological pathogens with seasonal patterns.
- Mortality rate is low despite the high number of hospitalizations:[2]
- Mortality rate due to bronchiolitis in the U.S. is 2 deaths per 100 000 livebirths and less than 400 deaths during the year.
- Mortality rate due to bronchiolitis in the UK is 1.82 per 100 000 livebirths.
- Bronchiolitis and severe bronchiolitis is more common in males than in females:[2]
- The male to female ratio for severe bronchiolitis is 1.5:1.
Factors associated with hospitalization due to bronchiolitisAdapted from Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases[1]
- Less than 6 months of age.
- Young maternal age.
- Lower socioeconomic status.
- Exposure to tobacco smoke.
- Atopy history.
- Older siblings.
- Children who attend to daycare facilities.
- Lack of breastfeed.
- Native American and Native Alaskan children tend to have higher hospitalization rates due to bronchiolitis.
- Native American children hospitalization rate due to bronchiolitis: 70.9 per 1000 patients.
- The male to female ratio for severe bronchiolitis is 1.5:1.:*Native Alaskan children hospitalization rate due to bronchiolitis: 48.2 per 1000 patients.[2]
- The male to female ratio for severe bronchiolitis is 1.5:1.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Mandell, Gerald L.; Bennett, John E. (John Eugene); Dolin, Raphael. (2010). Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious disease. Philadelphia, PA: Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Smyth RL, Openshaw PJ (2006). "Bronchiolitis". Lancet. 368 (9532): 312–22. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69077-6. PMID 16860701.