Sepsis causes: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 06:06, 8 August 2013

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Priyamvada Singh, M.D. [2]

Overview

The process of infection by bacteria or fungi can result in systemic signs and symptoms that are variously described. In rough order of severity, these are bacteremia or fungemia; septicemia; sepsis, severe sepsis or sepsis syndrome; septic shock; refractory septic shock; multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, and death. The condition develops as a response to certain microbial molecules which trigger the production and release of cellular mediators, such as tumor necrosis factors (TNF); these act to stimulate immune response.

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

Common Causes

Sepsis is caused by a bacterial infection that can begin anywhere in the body. Common places where an infection might start include:

The bowel (usually seen with peritonitis)
The kidneys (upper urinary tract infection or pyelonephritis)
The lining of the brain (meningitis)
The liver or the gall bladder (cholecystitis)
The lungs (bacterial pneumonia)
The skin (cellulitis)
In children, sepsis may accompany infection of the bone (osteomyelitis).
In hospitalized patients, common sites of infection include intravenous lines, surgical wounds, surgical drains, and sites of skin breakdown known as bedsores (decubitus ulcers).

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	Acute bacterial endocarditis, myocardial ring abscess, subacute bacterial endocarditis
Chemical / poisoning	No underlying causes
Dermatologic	No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect	No underlying causes
Ear Nose Throat	Bronchitis, otitis media, pharyngitis, sinusitis
Endocrine	No underlying causes
Environmental	No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic	Abscess, esophagitis, gastritis, gastrointestinal bleeding, instrumentation, intestinal obstruction, pancreatitis, small intestine disorder
Genetic	No underlying causes
Hematologic	No underlying causes
Iatrogenic	No underlying causes
Infectious Disease	No underlying causes
Musculoskeletal / Ortho	Osteomyelitis, wound infections
Neurologic	Acute bacterial meningitis
Nutritional / Metabolic	No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic	No underlying causes
Oncologic	No underlying causes
Opthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose / Toxicity	No underlying causes
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	Community-acquired pneumonia, empyema, lung abscess
Renal / Electrolyte	Acute prostatitis/abscess, catheter-associated bacteriuria, cervicitis, chronic kidney disease, cystitis, instrumentation, intranephric abscess or perinephric abscess, pyelonephritis, renal calculi, urethritis, urinary tract obstruction, vaginitis
Rheum / Immune / Allergy	No underlying causes
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	No underlying causes
Urologic	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	No underlying causes

Causes in Alphabetical Order

References

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@@ Line 9: / Line 9: @@
 ==Causes==
+===Life Threatening Causes===
 ===Common Causes===
 Sepsis is caused by a [[bacterial]] infection that can begin anywhere in the body. Common places where an [[infection]] might start include:
@@ Line 23: / Line 25: @@
 {|style="width:75%; height:100px" border="1"
 |style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''
-|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Acute bacterial endocarditis]], Myocardial ring [[abscess]], [[Subacute bacterial endocarditis]]
+|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Acute bacterial endocarditis]], myocardial ring [[abscess]], [[subacute bacterial endocarditis]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
@@ Line 40: / Line 41: @@
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Ear Nose Throat'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Pharyngitis]], [[Sinusitis]], [[Bronchitis]], [[Otitis media]]
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Bronchitis]], [[otitis media]], [[pharyngitis]], [[sinusitis]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
@@ Line 53: / Line 53: @@
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Gastroenterologic'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Esophagitis]], [[Gastritis]], [[Pancreatitis]], Small intestine disorder, [[Gastrointestinal bleeding]], [[Abscess]], [[Intestinal obstruction]], Instrumentation
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Abscess]], [[esophagitis]], [[gastritis]], [[gastrointestinal bleeding]], instrumentation, [[intestinal obstruction]], [[pancreatitis]], small intestine disorder
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
@@ Line 73: / Line 73: @@
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Osteomyelitis]], wound [[infection]]s
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Osteomyelitis]], [[infection|wound infections]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Neurologic'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| Acute bacterial [[meningitis]]
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[meningitis|Acute bacterial meningitis]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
@@ Line 105: / Line 105: @@
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Pulmonary'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Community-acquired pneumonia]], [[Empyema]], [[Lung abscess]]
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Community-acquired pneumonia]], [[empyema]], [[lung abscess]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Renal / Electrolyte'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Pyelonephritis]], Intranephric [[abscess]] or perinephric [[abscess]], [[Renal calculi]], [[Urinary tract obstruction]], [[Acute prostatitis]]/[[abscess]], Chronic kidney disease, Instrumentation, [[Urethritis]], [[Cystitis]], [[Cervicitis]], [[Vaginitis]], Catheter-associated bacteriuria
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute prostatitis]]/[[abscess]], catheter-associated bacteriuria, [[cervicitis]], chronic kidney disease, [[cystitis]], instrumentation, intranephric [[abscess]] or perinephric [[abscess]], [[pyelonephritis]], [[renal calculi]], [[urethritis]], [[urinary tract obstruction]], [[vaginitis]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"