Apnea causes

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor-In Chief: Marcelo R. Zacarkim, M.D. [2]

Causes

Causes in Alphabetical Order

• Abrupt awakenings accompanied by shortness of breath

• Achondroplasia

• Adult respiratory distress syndrome

• Aging

• Airway obstruction

• Alcohol abuse

• Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

• Anemia of prematurity

• Angina tonsillaris

• Apnea of prematurity

• Arnold-Chiari malformation

• Arrhythmias

• Asthma

• Ataxic respiration

• Atrial fibrillation

• Automatic positive airway pressure

• Biot's respiration

• Body fat redistribution (BFR) syndrome

• Botulism

• Brain abscess

• Brain stem dysfunction

• Brain tumor

• Breastfeeding

• Bronchial rupture

• Bronchiolitis

• Bronchospasm

• Bupivacaine

• Carbon dioxide

• Cardiac arrest

• Central nervous system depressants

• Central sleep apnea

• Cerebral hemorrhage

• Cerebral infarction

• Cheyne-Stokes respiration

• Chlordiazepoxide

• Chondrodystrophy

• Chronic airway-digestive inflammatory disease (CAID)

• Chronic bronchitis

• CNS depression due to drug effect

• CNS depression due to postictal state

• CNS depression due to sepsis

• CNS due to respiratory syncytial virus

• Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome

• Cyanide

• Cyanotic congenital heart disease (see cyanosis)

• Delayed sleep phase syndrome

• Deviated septum

• Diazepam

• Diffuse pneumonia

• Diphtheria

• Down syndrome

• Drowning

• Emphysema

• Empty nose syndrome

• Encephalitis

• Enlarged adenoids

• Flail chest

• Foreign body aspiration

• Gaucher's disease

• Glycine encephalopathy

• Guillain-Barré syndrome

• Head trauma

• Heart failure

• Hemothorax

• Hunter syndrome

• Hypercapnia

• Hyperpituitarism

• Hypersomnia

• Hypopnea

• Increased intracranial pressure

• Infant respiratory distress syndrome

• Insomnia

• Iron deficiency anemia

• Joubert syndrome

• Levobupivacaine

• Lidocaine

• Loud snoring

• Marfan syndrome

• Maternal beta-blocker use (transfer across placenta)

• Maternal narcotic use (transfer across placenta)

• Meconium aspiration syndrome

• Medullary hemorrhage

• Medullary infarction

• Meningitis

• Mucopolysaccharidosis

• Mucus plug

• Myasthenia gravis

• Myocardial infarction

• Nasal congestion

• Near drowning

• Neuromuscular disease

• Obesity hypoventilation syndrome

• Obstruction by tongue

• Obstruction by tumor

• Obstructive sleep apnea

• Open chest wounds

• Overweight and obesity

• Oxymorphone

• Pancuronium

• Panic disorder

• Parenchymal lung disease

• Pertussis

• Phrenic nerve paralysis

• Pleural pressure gradient disruption

• Pneumothorax

• Polycystic ovary syndrome

• Pontine hemorrhage

• Premature birth

• Prenatal asphyxia

• Propofol

• Pulmonary atresia

• Pulmonary capillary perfusion decrease

• Pulmonary edema

• Pulmonary embolism

• Pulmonary fibrosis

• Pulmonary hypertension

• Respiratory failure due to infantile botulism

• Respiratory muscle failure due to myotonia

• Ropivacaine

• Rupture of the diaphragm

• Secretion retention

• Seizures

• Septicemia

• Shock

• Smoking

• Sodium thiopental

• Spinal cord injury

• Strychnine

• Sudden infant death syndrome

• Surfactant deficiency

• Tonic-clonic seizure

• Toxidrome

• Tracheal rupture

• Transtentorial herniation

• Trauma

• Trazodone

• Upper airway obstruction

• Upper airway resistance syndrome (UARS)

• Use of sedatives (sleeping pills, etc.)