Oliguria: Difference between revisions

	WikiDoc Resources for Oliguria
Articles
Most recent articles on Oliguria Most cited articles on Oliguria Review articles on Oliguria Articles on Oliguria in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ
Media
Powerpoint slides on Oliguria Images of Oliguria Photos of Oliguria Podcasts & MP3s on Oliguria Videos on Oliguria
Evidence Based Medicine
Cochrane Collaboration on Oliguria Bandolier on Oliguria TRIP on Oliguria
Clinical Trials
Ongoing Trials on Oliguria at Clinical Trials.gov Trial results on Oliguria Clinical Trials on Oliguria at Google
Guidelines / Policies / Govt
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Oliguria NICE Guidance on Oliguria NHS PRODIGY Guidance FDA on Oliguria CDC on Oliguria
Books
Books on Oliguria
News
Oliguria in the news Be alerted to news on Oliguria News trends on Oliguria
Commentary
Blogs on Oliguria
Definitions
Definitions of Oliguria
Patient Resources / Community
Patient resources on Oliguria Discussion groups on Oliguria Patient Handouts on Oliguria Directions to Hospitals Treating Oliguria Risk calculators and risk factors for Oliguria
Healthcare Provider Resources
Symptoms of Oliguria Causes & Risk Factors for Oliguria Diagnostic studies for Oliguria Treatment of Oliguria
Continuing Medical Education (CME)
CME Programs on Oliguria
International
Oliguria en Espanol Oliguria en Francais
Business
Oliguria in the Marketplace Patents on Oliguria
Experimental / Informatics
List of terms related to Oliguria

← Older edit Newer edit →

VisualWikitext

Revision as of 13:38, 10 July 2013

For patient information page click here

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Synonyms and keywords: Decreased urine output; reduced urine output

Overview

Oliguria and anuria are the decreased or absent production of urine, respectively.

Oliguria is defined as a urine output that is less than 1 mL/kg/h in infants, less than 0.5 mL/kg/h in children, and less than 400 mL/day (equals 17mL/hour) in adults.^[1]

Causes

Common Causes

List the most common causes here.

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	No underlying causes
Chemical/Poisoning	No underlying causes
Dental	No underlying causes
Dermatologic	No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect	No underlying causes
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	No underlying causes
Environmental	No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic	No underlying causes
Genetic	No underlying causes
Hematologic	No underlying causes
Iatrogenic	No underlying causes
Infectious Disease	No underlying causes
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic	No underlying causes
Neurologic	No underlying causes
Nutritional/Metabolic	No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic	No underlying causes
Oncologic	No underlying causes
Ophthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity	No underlying causes
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	No underlying causes
Renal/Electrolyte	No underlying causes
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy	No underlying causes
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	No underlying causes
Urologic	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	No underlying causes

Causes in Alphabetical Order

The mechanisms causing oliguria can be divided into several categories:

Prerenal

In response to hypoperfusion of the kidney (e.g. as a result of dehydration by poor oral intake, diarrhea, massive bleeding or sepsis)

Renal

Due to kidney damage (severe hypoperfusion, rhabdomyolysis, medication)

Postrenal

As a consequence of obstruction of the urine flow (e.g. enlarged prostate, tumor compression urinary outflow, expanding hematoma or fluid collection)

The decreased production of urine may be a sign of dehydration, renal failure or urinary obstruction/urinary retention.

Postoperative Oliguria

Patients usually have a decrease in urine output after a major operation that may be a normal physiological response to:

Fluid/blood loss – decreased glomerular filtration rate secondary to hypovolemia and/or hypotension
Response of adrenal cortex to stress -increase in aldosterone (Na and water retention) and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) release

Oliguria in Infants

Oliguria, when defined as less than 1 mL/kg/h, in infants is not considered to be a reliable sign of renal failure.^[2]==Risk Factors== Patients having any of the conditions mentioned in the causes are at risk of oliguria.

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Although a significant decrease in urine output may indicate a serious, even life-threatening condition, adequate urine output can be restored with prompt medical treatment.

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

History of

Time pattern
- When did this begin?
- Did it occur suddenly?
- Has it rapidly become worse?
Quality
- How much does the patient drink each day?
- Does drinking more increase the daily urine output?
- How much urine does the patient produce each day?
- What color is the urine?
Aggravating factors
- Has there been fever?
- Has there been diarrhea?
- Has there been vomiting? With or without nausea?
- Is thirst decreased?
- What other symptoms does the patient have?
Other
- What medications does the patient take?
- Does the patient have any allergies?
- Does the patient have access to adequate fluids?
Medical history
- Has the patient had any recent injuries such as burns?
- Has the patient been sick?
- Does the patient have a history of a problem with the kidneys or bladder?

Laboratory Findings

Blood studies to monitor electrolytes and kidney function.
Urine tests, including tests for infection.

Treatment

Medical Therapy

It mainly depends on the cause:

Home Care

The patient should follow prescribed fluid regimens and measure urine output as directed.

Primary Prevention

Prevention depends on the underlying cause.

References

↑ Klahr S, Miller S (1998). "Acute oliguria". N Engl J Med. 338 (10): 671–5. PMID 9486997. Free Full Text.
↑ Arant B (1987). "Postnatal development of renal function during the first year of life". Pediatr Nephrol. 1 (3): 308–13. PMID 3153294.

de:Oligurie it:Oliguria sk:Anúria sl:Oligurija

Template:WikiDoc Sources

[1] Klahr S, Miller S (1998). "Acute oliguria". N Engl J Med. 338 (10): 671–5. PMID 9486997. Free Full Text.

[2] Arant B (1987). "Postnatal development of renal function during the first year of life". Pediatr Nephrol. 1 (3): 308–13. PMID 3153294.

[1]

[2]

@@ Line 13: / Line 13: @@
 ==Causes==
+===Common Causes===
+*List the most common causes here.
+===Causes by Organ System===
+{|style="width:82%; height:100px" border="1"
+|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''
+|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Chemical/Poisoning'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Dental'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Dermatologic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Drug Side Effect'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Endocrine'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Environmental'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Gastroenterologic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Genetic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Hematologic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Iatrogenic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Infectious Disease'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Neurologic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Nutritional/Metabolic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Oncologic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Ophthalmologic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Overdose/Toxicity'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Psychiatric'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Pulmonary'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Renal/Electrolyte'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Sexual'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Trauma'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Urologic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Miscellaneous'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|}
+===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
+{{col-begin|width=85%}}
+{{col-break|width=33%}}
+*[[Disease]] A
+*[[Disease]] B
+*[[Disease]] C
+*[[Disease]] ...
+{{col-break|width=33%}}
+*[[Disease]] P
+*[[Disease]] Q
+*[[Disease]] R
+*[[Disease]] ...
+{{col-break|width=33%}}
+*[[Disease]] X
+*[[Disease]] Y
+*[[Disease]] Z
+{{col-end}}
 The mechanisms causing oliguria can be divided into several categories:
@@ Line 32: / Line 170: @@
 ===Oliguria in Infants===
-Oliguria, when defined as less than 1 mL/kg/h, in [[infant]]s is not considered to be a reliable sign of renal failure.<ref>{{cite journal | author = Arant B | title = Postnatal development of renal function during the first year of life. | journal = Pediatr Nephrol | volume = 1 | issue = 3 | pages = 308-13 | year = 1987 | id = PMID 3153294}}</ref>
+Oliguria, when defined as less than 1 mL/kg/h, in [[infant]]s is not considered to be a reliable sign of renal failure.<ref>{{cite journal | author = Arant B | title = Postnatal development of renal function during the first year of life. | journal = Pediatr Nephrol | volume = 1 | issue = 3 | pages = 308-13 | year = 1987 | id = PMID 3153294}}</ref>==Risk Factors==
-==Risk Factors==
 Patients having any of the conditions mentioned in the causes are at risk of oliguria.