Chronic cholecystitis causes: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 18:07, 20 March 2013

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Causes

Common Causes

Cholecystitis is often caused by cholelithiasis (the presence of choleliths, or gallstones, in the gall bladder), with choleliths most commonly blocking the cystic duct directly. This leads to to inspissation of bile, bile stasis and secondary infection by gut organisms, predominantly E coli and Bacteroides species.

The gall bladder's wall becomes inflamed. Extreme cases may result in necrosis and rupture. Inflammation often spreads to its outer covering, thus irritating surrounding structures such as the diaphragm and bowel.

Less commonly, in debilitated and trauma patients, the gall bladder may become inflamed and infected in the absence of cholelithiasis, and is known as acute acalculous cholecystitis.

Stones in the gall bladder may not cause obstruction and the accompanying acute attack. The patient might develop a chronic, low-level inflammation which leads to a chronic cholecystitis, where the gall bladder is fibrotic and calcified.

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	Cardiac events, including myocardial infarction
Chemical / poisoning	No underlying causes
Dermatologic	No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect	No underlying causes
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	Diabetes mellitus
Environmental	No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic	Acalculous cholecystitis, Bile duct blockage, Bile stasis, Cholelithiasis, Crohn's disease, Gall bladder ischemia, Gallbladder empyema, Liver abscess, Peritonitis
Genetic	Familial hyperlipoproteinemia
Hematologic	Sickle cell disease
Iatrogenic	Abdominal surgery, Harmonal therapy in women, Long-term total parenteral nutrition
Infectious Disease	Bacteriodes, Cryptosporidiosis, Cytomegalovirus, E.coli, Edwardsiella tarda, Klebsiella, Microsporidiosis, Opisthorchiasis, Salmonella infections, Secondary infection from gut organisms, Typhoid fever
Musculoskeletal / Ortho	No underlying causes
Neurologic	No underlying causes
Nutritional / Metabolic	No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic	Long labor, Pregnancy
Oncologic	Malignancy
Opthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose / Toxicity	No underlying causes
Psychiatric	Anorexia nervosa
Pulmonary	No underlying causes
Renal / Electrolyte	No underlying causes
Rheum / Immune / Allergy	Sjogren's syndrome, SLE
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	Abdominal trauma
Urologic	No underlying causes
Dental	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	Critically ill patients, Elderly, Idiopathic, Losing weight rapidly, Prolonged fasting

Causes in Alphabetical Order

References

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@@ Line 47: / Line 47: @@
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Genetic'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Familial hyperlipoproteinemia]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Hematologic'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Sickle cell disease]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Iatrogenic'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Abdominal surgery]], [[Harmonal therapy in women]], [[Long-term total parenteral nutrition]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Infectious Disease'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Bacteriodes]], [[Cryptosporidiosis]], [[Cytomegalovirus]], [[E.coli]], [[Edwardsiella tarda]], [[Klebsiella]], [[Microsporidiosis]], [[Opisthorchiasis]], [[Salmonella infections]], [[Secondary infection from gut organisms]], [[Typhoid fever]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
@@ Line 75: / Line 75: @@
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Long labor]], [[Pregnancy]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Oncologic'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Malignancy]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
@@ Line 91: / Line 91: @@
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Psychiatric'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Anorexia nervosa]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
@@ Line 103: / Line 103: @@
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Sjogren's syndrome]], [[SLE]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
@@ Line 111: / Line 111: @@
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Trauma'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Abdominal trauma]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
@@ Line 123: / Line 123: @@
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Miscellaneous'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Critically ill patients]], [[Elderly]], [[Idiopathic]], [[Losing weight rapidly]], [[Prolonged fasting]]
 |-
 |}