Meningitis physical examination: Difference between revisions
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{{Meningitis}} | {{Meningitis}} | ||
{{CMG}}; '''Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief:''' {{CZ}} | {{CMG}}; '''Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief:''' {{CZ}}, {{JH}} | ||
==Physical Examination== | ==Physical Examination== | ||
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===Skin=== | ===Skin=== | ||
Rapidly-spreading [[petechial rash]] is typical in "meningococcal" meningitis, and may precede other symptoms. The rash consists of numerous small, irregular purple or red spots on the trunk, lower extremities, mucous membranes, conjunctiva, and occasionally on the palms of hands and soles of feet. | Rapidly-spreading [[petechial rash]] is typical in "meningococcal" meningitis, and may precede other symptoms. The rash consists of numerous small, irregular purple or red spots on the trunk, lower extremities, mucous membranes, conjunctiva, and occasionally on the palms of hands and soles of feet. | ||
===Gallery=== | |||
====Trunk==== | |||
<gallery> | |||
Image: Meningitis_01.png| Meningitis. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/disease.jsf?diseaseId=12 With permission from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="www.atlasdermatologico.com.br">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/disease.jsf?diseaseId=287> | |||
Image: Meningitis_02.jpg| Meningititis. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/disease.jsf?diseaseId=12 With permission from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="www.atlasdermatologico.com.br">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/disease.jsf?diseaseId=287> | |||
</gallery> | |||
====Extremities==== | |||
<gallery> | |||
Image: Meningitis_03.jpg| Meningitis. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/disease.jsf?diseaseId=12 With permission from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="www.atlasdermatologico.com.br">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/disease.jsf?diseaseId=287> | |||
</gallery> | |||
===Neurologic=== | ===Neurologic=== | ||
Revision as of 20:12, 26 September 2014
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Meningitis Main Page |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2], Jesus Rosario Hernandez, M.D. [3]
Physical Examination
Meningitis is a medical emergency, and referral to a hospital is indicated.
Skin
Rapidly-spreading petechial rash is typical in "meningococcal" meningitis, and may precede other symptoms. The rash consists of numerous small, irregular purple or red spots on the trunk, lower extremities, mucous membranes, conjunctiva, and occasionally on the palms of hands and soles of feet.
Gallery
Trunk
Extremities
Neurologic
- Nuchal rigidity is typically assessed with the patient lying supine.
- Kernig's sign: Pain is elicited when the knees are passively extended .
- Brudzinski's sign: In infants, forward flexion of the neck may cause involuntary knee and hip flexion. Although commonly tested, the sensitivity and specificity of Kernig's and Brudzinski's tests are uncertain.[1]