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| {{Obsessive-compulsive disorder}} | | {{Obsessive-compulsive disorder}} |
| {{CMG}} | | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{KS}} |
| ==Diagnostic Criteria== | | ==Diagnostic Criteria== |
| The phrase "obsessive-compulsive" has worked its way into the wider English lexicon, and is often used in an offhand manner to describe someone who is meticulous or absorbed in a cause (see also "[[Anal retentive|anal-retentive]]"). Such casual references should not be confused with obsessive-compulsive disorder; see [[clinomorphism]]. It is also important to '''distinguish''' OCD from other types of[[anxiety]], including the routine [[tension]] and [[Stress (medicine)|stress]] that appear throughout life. Although these signs are often present in OCD, a person who shows signs of infatuation or[[fixation]] with a subject/object, or displays traits such as [[Perfectionism (psychology)|perfectionism]], does not necessarily have OCD, a specific and well-defined condition.
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| To be diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder, one must have either obsessions or compulsions alone, or obsessions and compulsions, according to the [[Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders|DSM-IV-TR]] diagnostic criteria. The Quick Reference to the diagnostic criteria from DSM-IV-TR (2000) describes these obsessions and compulsions:<ref name="Quick">''Quick Reference to the Diagnostic Criteria from DSM-IV-TR''. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association, 2000.</ref>
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| '''Obsessions are defined by:'''
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| # Recurrent and persistent thoughts, impulses, or images that are experienced at some time during the disturbance, as intrusive and inappropriate and that cause marked anxiety or distress.
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| # The thoughts, impulses, or images are not simply excessive worries about real-life problems.
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| # The person attempts to ignore or suppress such thoughts, impulses, or images, or to neutralize them with some other thought or action.
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| # The person recognizes that the obsessional thoughts, impulses, or images are a product of his or her own mind, and are not based in reality.
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| # The tendency to haggle over small details that the viewer is unable to fix or change in any way. This begins a mental pre-occupation with that which is inevitable.
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| '''Compulsions are defined by:'''
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| # Repetitive behaviors or mental acts that the person feels driven to perform in response to an obsession, or according to rules that must be applied rigidly.
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| # The behaviors or mental acts are aimed at preventing or reducing distress or preventing some dreaded event or situation; however, these behaviors or mental acts either are not connected in a realistic way with what they are designed to neutralize or prevent or are clearly excessive.
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| In addition to these criteria, at some point during the course of the disorder, the sufferer must realize that his/her obsessions or compulsions are unreasonable or excessive. Moreover, the obsessions or compulsions must be time-consuming (taking up more than one hour per day), cause distress, or cause[[impairment]] in social, occupational, or school functioning.<ref name="Quick"> </ref> OCD often causes feelings similar to those of [[Depression (mood)|depression]].
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| ==References== | | ==References== |