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Causes

Common Causes

• Campylobacter jejuni

• Cryptosporidiosis
• Dysentery
• Entamoeba histolytica
• Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli
• Escherichia coli
• Giardia lamblia
• Rotavirus
• Salmonella
• Shigellosis
• Staphylococcus aureus
• Vibrio parahaemolyticus
• Viral haemorrhagic fever
• Visceral leishmaniasis
• Yersinia enterocolitica

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	Bothrops venom, hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasias, tuberous sclerosis
Chemical / poisoning	Radium jaw, arsenic poisoning, lead poisoning
Dermatologic	Lichen planus (oral), linear immunoglobulin A dermatosis, pemphigus, hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasias, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, thrombocytopenia, tuberous sclerosis, bothrops venom, scurvy, haemophillia, systemic lupus erythromatosus, kaposi's sarcoma, ebola hemorrhagic fever
Drug Side Effect	Acitretin , aspirin, bevacizumab injection, cholestyramine resin, clofarabine injection, co-codamol, colestipol, coumatetralyl, cyclosporine, cytotoxic chemotherapy, efalizumab injection, heparin injection, itraconazole , mercury(II) chloride poisoning, methotrexate, mycophenolate , pamidronate injection , paracetamol, phenytoin (oral), pregabalin , protiodide, venlafaxine, zoledronic acid injection
Ear Nose Throat	Dry mouth, Vincent's angina, hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasias
Endocrine	No underlying causes
Environmental	Diabetes, progesterone, arsenic poisoning, bothrops venom, radium jaw, lead poisoning
Gastroenterologic	Cholestyramine Resin , essential thrombocytosis , ebola hemorrhagic fever, waldenstrom macroglobulinemia, hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasias
Genetic	Haemophillia, hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasias
Hematologic	Aplastic anemia, essential thrombocytosis, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, lead poisoning, thrombocytopenia, vitamin K deficiency, von willebrand 's disease, waldenstrom macroglobulinemia, coumatetralyl, haemophillia, bolivian hemorrhagic fever, ebola hemorrhagic fever, rift valley fever, acute myeloid leukemia, systemic lupus erythromatosus
Iatrogenic	No underlying causes
Infectious Disease	Bolivian hemorrhagic fever, ebola hemorrhagic fever, ehrlichiosis (canine), herpes simplex virus, rift valley fever, MMR vaccine
Musculoskeletal / Ortho	Systemic lupus erythromatosus
Neurologic	Tuberous sclerosis, phenytoin (oral), pregabalin , waldenstrom macroglobulinemia, rift valley fever, ebola hemorrhagic fever, bothrops venom
Nutritional / Metabolic	Scurvy, diabetes, vitamin K deficiency
Obstetric/Gynecologic	Pregnancy, progesterone, von willebrand's disease
Oncologic	Acute myeloid leukemia, kaposi's sarcoma, oral cancer, cytotoxic chemotherapy
Opthalmologic	Rift valley fever
Overdose / Toxicity	Chronic alcoholism, arsenic poisoning, lead poisoning
Psychiatric	Stress
Pulmonary	No underlying causes
Renal / Electrolyte	Tuberous sclerosis, bothrops venom, systemic lupus erythromatosus
Rheum / Immune / Allergy	Systemic lupus erythromatosus, linear immunoglobulin A dermatosis, pemphigus, mycophenolate , haemophillia
Sexual	Fellatio, herpes simplex virus, kaposi's sarcoma
Trauma	Rough teeth brushing, wisdom teeth
Urologic	No underlying causes
Dental	Dental implant, epulis, extraction (dental), gingivitis, Ludwig's angina, periodontitis, poor oral hygiene, rough teeth brushing, wisdom teeth, radium jaw, lead poisoning, scurvy
Miscellaneous	Body piercing, MMR vaccine, stress

Causes in Alphabetical Order

Abetalipoproteinaemia Acrodermatitis enteropathica Adenovirus Arsenicals Autoimmune adrenalitis Autonomic neuropathy Bacillary dysentery Bacillus cereus Bacterial overgrowth of small intestine Balantidiasis Bile acid malabsorption syndrome Brainerd diarrhea Campylobacter jejuni Capillaria Carbon monoxide toxicity Celiac disease Cholestatic jaundice Clostridium welchii Collagenous colitis Colonic villous adenomata Colorectal cancer Complement 5 deficiency Copper salts Crohn disease Cryptosporidiosis Cyclospora cayetanensis Cyclosporiasis Cytomegalovirus Degos' disease Dengue fever Dientamoeba fragilis Dysentery Entamoeba histolytica Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Escherichia coli Ethylmalonic encephalopathy Faecal impaction Faecal incontinence Functional disorders Gangrene Giardia lamblia Glucagonoma Graft versus host disease Hirschsprung disease HIV-1 disease Hymenolepiasis Hyperthyroidism Iduronate-2-sulfatase deficiency Intususception of intestine Irritable bowel syndrome Isosporiasis Kawasaki disease Kwashiorkor

Lactase deficiency Large bowel obstruction Laxative abuse Legionella pneumophila Lymphocytic colitis Magnesium salts Malabsorption syndrome Malakoplakia Meckel diverticulitis Mercury Microsporidiasis Nausea and vomiting Organophosphates Pancreatitis, chronic Paraquat Pellagra Penicillium marneffei Pernicious anaemia Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis Postgastrectomy syndrome Protein losing enteropathy Pseudomembranous colitis Rapadlino syndrome Rotavirus Salmonella Sapporo-like virus Selenium Severe acute respiratory syndrome Shigellosis Short bowel syndrome Small bowel lymphoma Small round structured virus Somatostatinoma Staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome Staphylococcus aureus Streptococcus suis Strongyloidiasis Sucrase-isomaltase deficiency Superior mesenteric artery occlusion Systemic sclerosis Thallium Trichinella spiralis Trichuriasis Tropical sprue Typhoid fever Ulcerative colitis Vibrio parahaemolyticus Viral haemorrhagic fever Visceral leishmaniasis Vitamin B12 deficiency Whipple disease Yersinia enterocolitica Zinc deficiency