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| ==Causes== | | ==Causes== |
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| ===Common Causes=== | | ===Common Causes=== |
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| * [[Nursemaid's elbow]] | | * [[Nursemaid's elbow]] |
| * [[Tennis elbow]] | | * [[Tennis elbow]] |
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| ===Causes by Organ System=== | | ===Causes by Organ System=== |
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| ===Causes in Alphabetical Order=== | | ===Causes in Alphabetical Order=== |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editors-In-Chief: Jumana Nagarwala, M.D., Senior Staff Physician, Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital and Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]
Overview
Elbow is comprised of the radius, ulna, and distal humerus. Trauma is the most common cause of elbow pain. The elbow is the third most commonly dislocated large joint
Causes
Common Causes
Causes by Organ System
| Cardiovascular
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Lymphadenitis, Thoracic aortic aneurysm, Thoracic outlet syndrome, Venous Insufficiency
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| Chemical/Poisoning
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No underlying causes
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| Dental
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No underlying causes
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| Dermatologic
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Henoch-Schonlein purpura, Wegener's granulomatosis
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| Drug Side Effect
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No underlying causes
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| Ear Nose Throat
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Wegener's granulomatosis
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| Endocrine
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No underlying causes
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| Environmental
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No underlying causes
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| Gastroenterologic
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No underlying causes
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| Genetic
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Aagenaes syndrome, Noonan syndrome, Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda, Multiple epiphyseal dysplasia
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| Hematologic
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Henoch-Schonlein purpura, Venous Thrombosis
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| Iatrogenic
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Acupuncture, Hemodialysis, Venipuncture
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| Infectious Disease
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Acute rheumatic fever, Cellulitis, Gonorrhea, Henoch-Schonlein purpura, Infection, Rheumatic fever, Septic arthritis
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| Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic
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Arthritis, Bone fragments in elbow, Bone tumor, Brachioradial pruritis, Broken elbow, Bursitis, Cervical radiculopathy, Cubital tunnel syndrome, Dislocation, Distal radius fracture, Elbow injury, Elbow sprain, Enthesitis, Epicondylitis, Fracture, Golfer's elbow, Hemarthrosis, Lateral epicondylitis, Lateral synovial plica, Ligamentous injury, Little league elbow, Muscle sprain, Myofascial pain, Nursemaid's elbow, Olecranon bursitis, Osteoarthritis, Osteochondral defect, Osteochondritis, Osteochondritis dissecans, Osteochondrosis, Osteosarcoma, Posterior osteophytes, Pseudogout, Pulled elbow, Radial tunnel syndrome, Repetitive strain injury, Rotator cuff tear, Subacromial bursitis, Synovial chondromatosis, Synovial osteochondromatosis, Tendinitis, Tendon sprain, Tendonitis, Tennis elbow, Thrower's elbow, Trochleitis, Ulnar collateral ligament injury, Ulnar collateral ligament insufficiency, Valgus extension overload
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| Neurologic
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Cervical radiculopathy, Nerve entrapment, Referred pain due to cervical nerve root irritation, Spinal cord injury, Ulnar nerve entrapment, Ulnar neuritis, Wegener's granulomatosis
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| Nutritional/Metabolic
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No underlying causes
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| Obstetric/Gynecologic
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No underlying causes
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| Oncologic
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Bone tumor, Osteosarcoma
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| Ophthalmologic
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No underlying causes
|
| Overdose/Toxicity
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No underlying causes
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| Psychiatric
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No underlying causes
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| Pulmonary
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No underlying causes
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| Renal/Electrolyte
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Hemodialysis, Henoch-Schonlein purpura, Wegener's granulomatosis
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| Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy
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Acute rheumatic fever, Common variable immunodeficiency, Felty Syndrome, Gout, Juvenile dermatomyositis, Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, Pseudogout, Psoriatic arthritis, Rheumatoid arthritis, Rheumatic fever, Wegener's granulomatosis
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| Sexual
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No underlying causes
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| Trauma
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Amputation, Broken elbow, Dislocation, Distal radius fracture, Elbow injury, Elbow sprain, Fracture, Ligamentous injury, Muscle sprain, Myofascial pain, Nursemaid's elbow, Rotator cuff tear, Tendon sprain, Ulnar collateral ligament injury, Ulnar collateral ligament insufficiency
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| Urologic
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No underlying causes
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| Miscellaneous
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Artificial limb, Dysbarism
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Causes in Alphabetical Order
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Template:Multicol-end
Differentiating Elbow Pain from other Conditions
In alphabetical order. [1] [2]
Diagnosis
Physical Examination
- Careful examination of hand, wrist, elbow and shoulder
Electrocardiogram
Should be performed in a patient with risk factors for coronary heart disease.
X-Ray
- Standard X-rays (anterior/posterior, lateral and oblique views)
MRI
- Rarely, MRI may be indicated.
Other Diagnostic Studies
- Aspiration
- Nerve conduction tests
Treatment
- Elevation, immobilization (elbow flexed at 90 degrees), analgesia for fracture management
- Anatomic reduction (neurovascular compromise)
- Rest and physical therapy (epicondylitis)
- Reduction (elbow dislocation, nursemaid's elbow)
Pharmacotherapy
Acute Pharmacotherapies
References
- ↑ Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016
- ↑ Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X
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