Accommodative insufficiency: Difference between revisions
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*[[Arteriosclerosis]] | *[[Arteriosclerosis]] | ||
*[[Astigmatism]] | *[[Astigmatism]] | ||
*[[Cerebral palsy]] | *[[Cerebral palsy]]<ref>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18046282</ref> | ||
*[[Chronic alcoholism]] | *[[Chronic alcoholism]] | ||
*[[Convergence insufficiency]] | *[[Convergence insufficiency]] | ||
*[[Cycloplegia]] | *[[Cycloplegia]] | ||
*[[Decompression sickness]] | *[[Decompression sickness]]<ref>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7213164</ref> | ||
*[[Diabetes mellitus]] | *[[Diabetes mellitus]] | ||
*[[Down syndrome]] | *[[Down syndrome]]<ref>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18046282</ref> | ||
*[[Extreme fatigue]] | *[[Extreme fatigue]] | ||
*[[Eye strain]] | *[[Eye strain]] | ||
*[[Fragile X syndrome]] | *[[Fragile X syndrome]]<ref>http://europepmc.org/abstract/MED/7629369/reload=0;jsessionid=GIw84eD55p97ltgUCakj.16</ref><ref>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7629369</ref> | ||
*[[Head trauma]] | *[[Head trauma]] | ||
*High [[stress]] | *High [[stress]] | ||
| Line 154: | Line 154: | ||
*Inability of the ciliary body to contract | *Inability of the ciliary body to contract | ||
*[[Influenza]] | *[[Influenza]] | ||
*Left [[middle cerebral artery]] occlusion | *Left [[middle cerebral artery]] occlusion<ref>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3394770</ref> | ||
*[[Malnutrition]] | *[[Malnutrition]] | ||
*[[Measles]] | *[[Measles]] | ||
*[[Mild traumatic brain injury]] | *[[Mild traumatic brain injury]]<ref>http://www.rehab.research.va.gov/jour/10/473/Green.html</ref> | ||
*[[Multiple sclerosis]] | *[[Multiple sclerosis]] | ||
*[[Myasthenia gravis]] | *[[Myasthenia gravis]]<ref>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8583227</ref> | ||
*[[Myopia]] | *[[Myopia]] | ||
*[[Myotonic dystrophy]] | *[[Myotonic dystrophy]] | ||
*Ocular [[inflammation]] | *Ocular [[inflammation]] | ||
*[[Presbyopia]] | *[[Presbyopia]]<ref>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18046282</ref> | ||
*[[Pseudomyopia]] | *[[Pseudomyopia]] | ||
*[[Ritalin]] | *[[Ritalin]] | ||
| Line 169: | Line 169: | ||
*Senile [[cataract]] | *Senile [[cataract]] | ||
*[[Spasm of accommodation]]<ref>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6884172</ref> | *[[Spasm of accommodation]]<ref>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6884172</ref> | ||
*Sulphasalazine | *Sulphasalazine<ref>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8102809</ref> | ||
*Systemic [[medication]] | *Systemic [[medication]] | ||
*[[Thyroid disease]] | *[[Thyroid disease]] | ||
*[[Uveitis]] | *[[Uveitis]] | ||
*Video display terminals (VDT) users | *Video display terminals (VDT) users<ref>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8888886</ref> | ||
*[[Whiplash]] injuries | *[[Whiplash]] injuries | ||
*[[Whooping cough]] | *[[Whooping cough]] | ||
Revision as of 17:26, 11 July 2013
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Accommodative insufficiency (AI) involves the inability of the eye to focus properly on an object. Approximately 80 percent of children diagnosed with CI (convergence insufficiency) also demonstrate AI.
Causes
Common Causes
Causes by Organ System
| Cardiovascular | No underlying causes |
| Chemical/Poisoning | No underlying causes |
| Dental | No underlying causes |
| Dermatologic | No underlying causes |
| Drug Side Effect | No underlying causes |
| Ear Nose Throat | No underlying causes |
| Endocrine | No underlying causes |
| Environmental | No underlying causes |
| Gastroenterologic | No underlying causes |
| Genetic | No underlying causes |
| Hematologic | No underlying causes |
| Iatrogenic | No underlying causes |
| Infectious Disease | No underlying causes |
| Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic | No underlying causes |
| Neurologic | No underlying causes |
| Nutritional/Metabolic | No underlying causes |
| Obstetric/Gynecologic | No underlying causes |
| Oncologic | No underlying causes |
| Ophthalmologic | No underlying causes |
| Overdose/Toxicity | No underlying causes |
| Psychiatric | No underlying causes |
| Pulmonary | No underlying causes |
| Renal/Electrolyte | No underlying causes |
| Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy | No underlying causes |
| Sexual | No underlying causes |
| Trauma | No underlying causes |
| Urologic | No underlying causes |
| Miscellaneous | No underlying causes |
Causes in Alphabetical Order
- Aging
- Altitude
- Amblyopia
- Anemia
- Antidepressants
- Antihistamines
- Arteriosclerosis
- Astigmatism
- Cerebral palsy[6]
- Chronic alcoholism
- Convergence insufficiency
- Cycloplegia
- Decompression sickness[7]
- Diabetes mellitus
- Down syndrome[8]
- Extreme fatigue
- Eye strain
- Fragile X syndrome[9][10]
- Head trauma
- High stress
- Hyperopia
- Idiopathic
- Inability of the ciliary body to contract
- Influenza
- Left middle cerebral artery occlusion[11]
- Malnutrition
- Measles
- Mild traumatic brain injury[12]
- Multiple sclerosis
- Myasthenia gravis[13]
- Myopia
- Myotonic dystrophy
- Ocular inflammation
- Presbyopia[14]
- Pseudomyopia
- Ritalin
- Sclerosis of the crystalline lens
- Senile cataract
- Spasm of accommodation[15]
- Sulphasalazine[16]
- Systemic medication
- Thyroid disease
- Uveitis
- Video display terminals (VDT) users[17]
- Whiplash injuries
- Whooping cough
References
- ↑ Duke-Elder S. System of Ophthalmology, vol V Ophthalmic Optics and Refraction. St Louis, Mosby, 1970 451- 486.
- ↑ Cooper J. Accommodative dysfunction. In: Amos JF. Diagnosis and management in Vision Care. Boston: Butterworths, 1987 431-54.
- ↑ Daune A. Anomalies of Accommodation clinically considered. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 1913 1 386- 400.
- ↑ Scheiman M, Wick B. Clinical management of binocular vision: Heterophoric, Accommodative, and Eye movement disorders. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2002: 334-369.
- ↑ Daum KM. Accommodative insuffi ciency. Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1983a 60 352-359.
- ↑ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18046282
- ↑ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7213164
- ↑ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18046282
- ↑ http://europepmc.org/abstract/MED/7629369/reload=0;jsessionid=GIw84eD55p97ltgUCakj.16
- ↑ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7629369
- ↑ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3394770
- ↑ http://www.rehab.research.va.gov/jour/10/473/Green.html
- ↑ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8583227
- ↑ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18046282
- ↑ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6884172
- ↑ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8102809
- ↑ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8888886