Accommodative insufficiency: Difference between revisions

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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Down syndrome]], [[Fragile X syndrome]], [[measles]]
|-  
|-  
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Endocrine'''
| '''Endocrine'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Diabetes mellitus]], [[myotonic dystrophy]], [[thyroid  disease]]
|-  
|-  
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Gastroenterologic'''
| '''Gastroenterologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Chronic  alcoholism]], [[decompression sickness]], [[diabetes mellitus]], [[Down syndrome]], [[measles]], [[multiple sclerosis]], [[myasthenia gravis]], [[myotonic dystrophy]], [[thyroid disease]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Genetic'''
| '''Genetic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Down syndrome]], [[Fragile  X syndrome]], [[myotonic dystrophy]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Hematologic'''
| '''Hematologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Anemia]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Infectious Disease'''
| '''Infectious Disease'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Influenza]], [[whooping cough]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic'''
| '''Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Decompression  sickness]], [[diabetes mellitus]], [[Down syndrome]], [[Fragile X syndrome]], [[multiple sclerosis]], [[myasthenia gravis]], [[myotonic dystrophy]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Neurologic'''
| '''Neurologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cerebral  palsy]], [[chronic alcoholism]], [[decompression  sickness]], [[diabetes mellitus]], [[Down syndrome]], [[extreme fatigue]], [[Fragile X syndrome]], [[head trauma]], left [[middle cerebral artery]]  occlusion, [[measles]], [[mild traumatic brain  injury]], [[multiple sclerosis]],
[[myasthenia gravis]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Nutritional/Metabolic'''
| '''Nutritional/Metabolic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Chronic  alcoholism]], [[diabetes mellitus]], [[malnutrition]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Fragile X syndrome]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ophthalmologic'''
| '''Ophthalmologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Amblyopia]], [[arteriosclerosis]], [[astigmatism]], [[cerebral palsy]], [[convergence  insufficiency]], [[cycloplegia]], [[decompression  sickness]], [[diabetes mellitus]], [[Down syndrome]], [[eye strain]], [[Fragile X syndrome]], [[hyperopia]], inability of the ciliary  body to contract, [[influenza]], [[measles]], [[mild traumatic brain  injury]], [[multiple sclerosis]], [[myasthenia gravis]], [[myopia]], [[myotonic dystrophy]], ocular [[inflammation]], [[presbyopia]], [[pseudomyopia]], sclerosis of the crystalline  lens, senile [[cataract]], [[spasm of  accommodation]], [[thyroid disease]],
[[uveitis]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Psychiatric'''
| '''Psychiatric'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Down syndrome]], [[multiple sclerosis]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Pulmonary'''
| '''Pulmonary'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Decompression sickness]], [[influenza]], [[measles]], [[myasthenia gravis]], [[whooping cough]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Renal/Electrolyte'''
| '''Renal/Electrolyte'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Diabetes mellitus]], [[Down syndrome]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy'''
| '''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Myasthenia gravis]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Sexual'''
| '''Sexual'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Fragile X syndrome]], [[multiple sclerosis]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Trauma'''
| '''Trauma'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Head  trauma]], [[mild traumatic brain  injury]], [[whiplash]] injuries
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Urologic'''
| '''Urologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Multiple sclerosis]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Miscellaneous'''
| '''Miscellaneous'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aging]], altitude, [[extreme fatigue]], [[eye strain]], high [[stress]], [[idiopathic]], [[multiple sclerosis]], video display terminals  (VDT) users,
|-
|-
|}
|}

Revision as of 19:43, 11 July 2013

WikiDoc Resources for Accommodative insufficiency

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Accommodative insufficiency (AI) involves the inability of the eye to focus properly on an object. Approximately 80 percent of children diagnosed with CI (convergence insufficiency) also demonstrate AI.

Causes

Common Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular Anemia, arteriosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, Down syndrome, myotonic dystrophy, thyroid disease
Chemical/Poisoning No underlying causes
Dental No underlying causes
Dermatologic Decompression sickness, measles
Drug Side Effect Antidepressants, antihistamines, ritalin, sulphasalazine
Ear Nose Throat Down syndrome, Fragile X syndrome, measles
Endocrine Diabetes mellitus, myotonic dystrophy, thyroid disease
Environmental No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic Chronic alcoholism, decompression sickness, diabetes mellitus, Down syndrome, measles, multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, myotonic dystrophy, thyroid disease
Genetic Down syndrome, Fragile X syndrome, myotonic dystrophy
Hematologic Anemia
Iatrogenic No underlying causes
Infectious Disease Influenza, whooping cough
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic Decompression sickness, diabetes mellitus, Down syndrome, Fragile X syndrome, multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, myotonic dystrophy
Neurologic Cerebral palsy, chronic alcoholism, decompression sickness, diabetes mellitus, Down syndrome, extreme fatigue, Fragile X syndrome, head trauma, left middle cerebral artery occlusion, measles, mild traumatic brain injury, multiple sclerosis,

myasthenia gravis

Nutritional/Metabolic Chronic alcoholism, diabetes mellitus, malnutrition
Obstetric/Gynecologic Fragile X syndrome
Oncologic No underlying causes
Ophthalmologic Amblyopia, arteriosclerosis, astigmatism, cerebral palsy, convergence insufficiency, cycloplegia, decompression sickness, diabetes mellitus, Down syndrome, eye strain, Fragile X syndrome, hyperopia, inability of the ciliary body to contract, influenza, measles, mild traumatic brain injury, multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, myopia, myotonic dystrophy, ocular inflammation, presbyopia, pseudomyopia, sclerosis of the crystalline lens, senile cataract, spasm of accommodation, thyroid disease,

uveitis

Overdose/Toxicity No underlying causes
Psychiatric Down syndrome, multiple sclerosis
Pulmonary Decompression sickness, influenza, measles, myasthenia gravis, whooping cough
Renal/Electrolyte Diabetes mellitus, Down syndrome
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy Myasthenia gravis
Sexual Fragile X syndrome, multiple sclerosis
Trauma Head trauma, mild traumatic brain injury, whiplash injuries
Urologic Multiple sclerosis
Miscellaneous Aging, altitude, extreme fatigue, eye strain, high stress, idiopathic, multiple sclerosis, video display terminals (VDT) users,

Causes in Alphabetical Order

[1][2][3][4][5]

References

  1. ↑ Duke-Elder S. System of Ophthalmology, vol V Ophthalmic Optics and Refraction. St Louis, Mosby, 1970 451- 486.
  2. ↑ Cooper J. Accommodative dysfunction. In: Amos JF. Diagnosis and management in Vision Care. Boston: Butterworths, 1987 431-54.
  3. ↑ Daune A. Anomalies of Accommodation clinically considered. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 1913 1 386- 400.
  4. ↑ Scheiman M, Wick B. Clinical management of binocular vision: Heterophoric, Accommodative, and Eye movement disorders. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2002: 334-369.
  5. ↑ Daum KM. Accommodative insuffi ciency. Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1983a 60 352-359.
  6. ↑ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18046282
  7. ↑ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7213164
  8. ↑ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18046282
  9. ↑ http://europepmc.org/abstract/MED/7629369/reload=0;jsessionid=GIw84eD55p97ltgUCakj.16
  10. ↑ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7629369
  11. ↑ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3394770
  12. ↑ http://www.rehab.research.va.gov/jour/10/473/Green.html
  13. ↑ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8583227
  14. ↑ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18046282
  15. ↑ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6884172
  16. ↑ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8102809
  17. ↑ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8888886

References

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