Ophthalmoparesis: Difference between revisions
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| '''Neurologic''' | | '''Neurologic''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis]], [[ | |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis]], [[Angelman syndrome]], [[Arachnoid cyst]], [[Ataxia]]-oculomotor [[apraxia]] type 1, [[Ataxia]]-oculomotor [[apraxia]] type 2], [[Athabaskan brain stem dysgenesis]], Autosomal-dominant progressive [[external opthalmoplegia]] (adPEO), Basilar artery [[migraine]], [[Benedikt's syndrome]], [[Berry aneurysm]], Bickerstaff's brain stem [[encephalitis]], [[Brain abscess]], [[Brain injury]], [[Brain tumour]], [[Cavernous sinus]] dural [[arteriovenous fistula ]], [[Cavernous sinus thrombosis]], [[Central core myopathy]], Central nervous system [[angiitis]], [[Centronuclear myopathy]], Christianson type x-linked [[mental retardation]], [[Claude syndrome]], [[Clinically isolated syndrome (CIS)]], [[Dermoid cyst]], [[Foville's syndrome]], [[Friedreich ataxia]], [[Graves' disease]], [[Growth hormone secreting pituitary adenoma]], [[Guillain-Barre syndrome ]], [[Horner's syndrome]], Infantile-onset [[spinocerebellar ataxia]], [[Intracranial aneurysm]], [[Intracranial space-occupying lesion]], [[Ischemia|Ischemia ]], [[Kearns-Sayre syndrome]], [[Kufor-rakeb syndrome]], [[Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome]], [[Lateral medullary syndrome]], [[Levic-stefanovic-nikolic syndrome ]], [[Miller fisher syndrome]], Multicore [[myopathy]], [[Multiple sclerosis]], [[Myasthenia gravis]], [[Myoneurogastrointestinal encephalopathy syndrome]], [[Myotubular myopathy ]], [[Neuromyelitis optica]], [[Neurosarcoidosis]], [[Niemann-Pick disease]], [[Nothnagel syndrome]], [[Olivopontocerebellar]] syndrome, [[Pancoast tumour]], Paraneoplastic [[encephalomyelitis]], [[Parinaud's syndrome ]], [[Pituitary apoplexy]], [[Progressive supranuclear palsy]], [[Pseudoophthalmoplegia]], [[Pseudotumor cerebri]], [[Quaternary syphilis]], [[Raised intracranial pressure]], [[Raymond cestan syndrome]], Rhino-orbital-cerebral [[mucormycosis ]], [[Rollet syndrome ]], [[Sturge-Weber syndrome]], [[Subarchnoid]] [[hemorrhage]], [[Subdural]] [[hematoma]], [[Syringobulbia]], [[Tick paralysis]], [[Tolosa-hunt syndrome]], [[Transverse myelitis]], [[Vertebrobasilar insufficiency]], [[Weber syndrome]], [[Wildervanck syndrome]] | ||
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| '''Nutritional/Metabolic''' | | '''Nutritional/Metabolic''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Fatty acid hydroxylase-associated neurodegeneration]], [[Hypermagnesemia]], [[Hypocalcemia ]], [[Magnesium sulfate]], [[Niemann- | |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Fatty acid hydroxylase-associated neurodegeneration]], [[Hypermagnesemia]], [[Hypocalcemia ]], [[Magnesium sulfate]], [[Niemann-Pick disease]], [[Thiamine deficiency]], [[Uremia]], [[Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome]] | ||
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| '''Oncologic''' | | '''Oncologic''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Arachnoid cyst]], [[Brain tumour]], [[Carcinoma lung]], [[Dermoid cyst]], [[Intracranial space-occupying lesion]], [[Melanoma-associated retinopathy]], [[Metastasis]], [[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]], [[Neck masses]], [[Orbital tumors ]], [[ | |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Arachnoid cyst]], [[Brain tumour]], [[Carcinoma lung]], [[Dermoid cyst]], [[Intracranial space-occupying lesion]], [[Melanoma]]-associated [[retinopathy]], [[Metastasis]], [[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]], [[Neck masses]], [[Orbital tumors ]], Paraneoplastic [[encephalomyelitis]], Paraneoplastic [[optic neuritis]] | ||
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| '''Ophthalmologic''' | | '''Ophthalmologic''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[ | |bgcolor="Beige"| Agenesis of [[extraocular muscles]], [[Arias oculootoradial syndrome]], [[Ataxia]]-oculomotor [[apraxia]] type 1, [[Ataxia]]-oculomotor [[apraxia]] type 2, Autosomal-dominant [[progressive external opthalmoplegia]] (adPEO), [[Bacterial conjunctivitis]], [[Blepharitis]], [[Clinically isolated syndrome (CIS)]], Congenital fiber-type disproportion [[myopathy]], Congenital [[fibrosis]] of [[extraocular muscles]](FEOM), [[Corneal erosion]], [[Corneal ulcer]], [[Duane ocular retraction syndrome]], [[Ehlers Danlos syndrome]], [[Episcleritis]], [[Exophthalmos]], [[Eye Packing]], Familial horizontal gaze palsy with progressive [[scoliosis]], Fungal [[conjunctivitis]], Inflamed [[pterygium]], [[Kearns-Sayre syndrome]], [[Levic-stefanovic-nikolic syndrome ]], [[Melanoma]]-associated [[retinopathy]], [[Neuromyelitis optica]], [[Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy]], [[Optic neuritis]], [[Orbital fracture]] with nerve entrapment, [[Orbital pseudotumor]], [[Orbital tumors ]], Paraneoplastic [[optic neuritis]], [[Periorbital cellulitis]], Preseptal [[cellulitis]], [[Progressive supranuclear palsy]], [[Pseudoophthalmoplegia]], [[Raymond cestan syndrome]], Rhino-orbital-cerebral [[mucormycosis ]], [[Rollet syndrome ]], [[Scleritis]], [[Sjögren's syndrome]], [[Superior orbital fissure syndrome]], [[Tolosa-hunt syndrome]], [[Trachoma]], [[Wildervanck syndrome]] | ||
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| '''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy''' | | '''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| | |bgcolor="Beige"| Bickerstaff's brain stem [[encephalitis]], [[Inflammatory bowel disease]], [[Microscopic polyangiitis]], [[Neurosarcoidosis]], [[Optic neuritis]], [[Rheumatoid arthritis]], [[Scleroderma]], [[Sjögren's syndrome]], [[Systemic lupus erythematosus]], [[Systemic sclerosis ]], [[Wegner's syndrome]] | ||
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| '''Trauma''' | | '''Trauma''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Brain injury]], [[Orbital fracture with nerve entrapment | |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Brain injury]], [[Orbital fracture]] with nerve entrapment, [[Postnatal trauma]] | ||
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Revision as of 17:42, 17 July 2013
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Ophthalmoparesis is a physical finding in certain neurologic illnesses. It refers to paralysis of the extraocular muscles which are responsible for eye movements. It can refer to complete paralysis of the eyes, in which case it is synonymous with ophthalmoplegia. More usually, it refers to a partial paralysis, in contrast to the complete paralysis denoted by ophthalmoplegia.
Classification
Ophthalmoparesis can involve any or all of the extraocular muscles, which include the superior recti, inferior recti, medial recti, lateral recti, inferior oblique and superior oblique muscles.
It can also be classified by the directions of affected movements, e.g. "vertical ophthalmoparesis".
Types of ophthalmoplegia are:
Causes
Ophthalmoparesis can result from disorders of various parts of the eye and nervous system:
- The orbit of the eye, including mechanical restrictions of eye movement, as in Graves disease.
- The muscle, as in progressive external ophthalmoplegia or Kearns-Sayre syndrome
- The neuromuscular junction, as in myasthenia gravis.
- The cranial nerves or their brainstem nuclei of the oculomotor, trochlear, and abducens.
- White matter tracts in the brainstem, as in internuclear ophthalmoplegia, an occasional finding in multiple sclerosis.
- Injury to supranuclear structures, as in progressive supranuclear palsy.
- Very rarely, disorders of higher brain structures, including the parietal lobes of the cerebral cortex.
Thiamine deficiency can cause ophthalmoparesis in susceptible persons; this is part of the syndrome called Wernicke encephalopathy. The causal pathway by which this occurs is unknown. Intoxication with certain substances, such as phenytoin, can also cause ophthalmoparesis.
Common Causes
- List the most common causes here.
Causes by Organ System
Causes in Alphabetical Order
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Differentiating Opthalmoparesis from other Conditions
- Acute cranial polyneuropathy
- Adie syndrome
- Bilateral third nerve involvement
- Botulism
- Brainstem stroke
- Diptheria
- Drugs
- Iris injury
- Meningitis
- Myasthenia gravis
- Tetanus
- Midbrain lesion
- Vasculitis
Treatment
Treatment depend on the underlying condition.
Related Chapters
sv:Internukleär oftalmoplegi
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