Ophthalmoparesis: Difference between revisions
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*[[ | *[[Aarskog syndrome]] | ||
*[[ | |||
*[[ | *Acute bacterial rhino[[sinusitis]] | ||
*[[ | |||
*Acute disseminated [[encephalomyelitis]] | |||
*Agenesis of [[extraocular muscles]] | |||
*[[Alcoholism]] | |||
*[[Aminoglycoside ]] | |||
*[[Amnesic shellfish poisoning]] | |||
*[[Angelman syndrome]] | |||
*[[Arachnoid cyst]] | |||
*[[Aralytic shellfish poisoning ]] | |||
*[[Arias oculootoradial syndrome]] | |||
*[[Aspergillus ]] | |||
*[[Ataxia]]-oculomotor [[apraxia]] type 1 | |||
*[[Ataxia]]-oculomotor [[apraxia]] type 2 | |||
*[[Athabaskan brain stem dysgenesis]] | |||
*[[Atorvastatin]] | |||
*[[Venomous snakes|Atractaspididae (african mole viper)]] | |||
*Autosomal-dominant [[progressive external opthalmoplegia]] (adPEO) | |||
*Bacterial [[conjunctivitis]] | |||
*Basilar artery [[migraine]] | |||
*[[Benedikt syndrome]] | |||
*[[Berry aneurysm]] | |||
*[[Beta blockers]] | |||
*[[Bickerstaff's brain stem encephalitis]] | |||
*[[Blepharitis]] | |||
*[[Botulism]] | |||
*[[Brain abscess]] | |||
*[[Brain injury]] | |||
*[[Brain tumour]] | |||
*[[Carbamates]] | |||
*[[Carbamazepine]] | |||
*[[Carcinoma lung]] | |||
*[[Carotid dissection]] | |||
*[[Carotid-cavernous fistulas]] | |||
*[[Cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistula ]] | |||
*[[Cavernous sinus thrombosis]] | |||
*[[Central core myopathy]] | |||
*[[Central nervous system angiitis]] | |||
*[[Centronuclear myopathy]] | |||
*[[Christianson type x-linked mental retardation]] | |||
*[[Ciguatera poisoning]] | |||
*[[Claude syndrome]] | |||
*[[Clinically isolated syndrome (CIS)]] | |||
*[[Coarctation of aorta]] | |||
*[[Cobra poisoning ]] | |||
*[[Colubridae (boomslang, twig snake)]] | |||
*[[Congenital fiber-type disproportion myopathy]] | |||
*[[Congenital fibrosis of extraocular muscles(FEOM)]] | |||
*[[Corneal erosion]] | |||
*[[Corneal ulcer]] | |||
*[[Crotoxin (brazilian rattle snake)]] | |||
*[[Dermoid cyst]] | |||
*[[Diabetes mellitus]] | |||
*[[D-penicillamine]] | |||
*[[Duane ocular retraction syndrome]] | |||
*[[Ehlers danlos syndrome]] | |||
*[[Elapidae]] | |||
*[[Episcleritis]] | |||
*[[Eurotoxic shellfish poisoning]] | |||
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*[[ | *[[Exophthalmos]] | ||
*[[ | |||
*[[ | *[[Eye Packing]] | ||
*[[ | |||
*[[Familial horizontal gaze palsy with progressive scoliosis]] | |||
*[[Fatty acid hydroxylase-associated neurodegeneration]] | |||
*[[Fluoroquinolone ]] | |||
*[[Fluvastatin]] | |||
*[[Foville's syndrome]] | |||
*[[Friedreich ataxia]] | |||
*[[Fungal conjunctivitis]] | |||
*[[Glucocorticoids]] | |||
*[[Gold]] | |||
*[[Gradenigo-lannois syndrome]] | |||
*[[Graves' disease]] | |||
*[[Growth hormone secreting pituitary adenoma]] | |||
*[[Guillain-barre syndrome ]] | |||
*[[Horner's syndrome]] | |||
*[[Hypermagnesemia]] | |||
*[[Hypertension]] | |||
*[[Hypocalcemia ]] | |||
*[[Infantile-onset spinocerebellar ataxia]] | |||
*[[Infection ]] | |||
*[[Inflamed pterygium]] | |||
*[[Inflammatory bowel disease]] | |||
*[[Intracranial aneurysm]] | |||
*[[Intracranial space-occupying lesion]] | |||
*[[Ischemia ]] | |||
*[[Kearns-sayre syndrome]] | |||
*[[Koerber-Salus-Elshnig syndrome]] | |||
*[[Kraits]] | |||
*[[Kufor-rakeb syndrome]] | |||
*[[Lambert-eaton myasthenic syndrome]] | |||
*[[Lateral medullary syndrome]] | |||
*[[Levic-stefanovic-nikolic syndrome ]] | |||
*[[Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy ]] | |||
*[[Lithium]] | |||
*[[Lovastatin]] | |||
*[[Lumbar epidural anesthesia ]] | |||
*[[Magnesium sulfate]] | |||
*[[Mamba snake]] | |||
*[[Melanoma-associated retinopathy]] | |||
*[[MELAS syndrome]] | |||
*[[Meningitis]] | |||
*[[Metastasis]] | |||
*[[Microscopic polyangiitis]] | |||
*[[Miller fisher syndrome]] | |||
*[[Mobius syndrome]] | |||
*[[Multicore myopathy]] | |||
*[[Multiple sclerosis]] | |||
*[[Myasthenia gravis]] | |||
*[[Myoneurogastrointestinal encephalopathy syndrome]] | |||
*[[Myotubular myopathy ]] | |||
*[[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]] | |||
*[[Neck masses]] | |||
*[[Neuromyelitis optica]] | |||
*[[Neurosarcoidosis]] | |||
*[[Niemann-pick disease]] | |||
*[[Notexin (tiger snake)]] | |||
*[[Nothnagel syndrome]] | |||
*[[Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy]] | |||
*[[Olivopontocerebellar syndrome]] | |||
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*[[ | *[[Optic neuritis]] | ||
*[[ | |||
*[[ | *[[Orbital fracture with nerve entrapment]] | ||
*[[Orbital pseudotumor]] | |||
*[[Orbital tumors ]] | |||
*[[Organophosphates]] | |||
*[[Otitis media]] | |||
*[[Pancoast tumour]] | |||
*[[Paraneoplastic encephalomyelitis]] | |||
*[[Paraneoplastic optic neuritis]] | |||
*[[Parinaud's syndrome ]] | |||
*[[Periorbital cellulitis]] | |||
*[[Phenytoin ]] | |||
*[[Pitavastatin]] | |||
*[[Pituitary apoplexy]] | |||
*[[Polycystic kidney disease ]] | |||
*[[Postnatal trauma]] | |||
*[[Pravastatin]] | |||
*[[Pregabalin]] | |||
*[[Preseptal cellulitis]] | |||
*[[Progressive supranuclear palsy]] | |||
*[[Pseudoophthalmoplegia]] | |||
*[[Pseudotumor cerebri]] | |||
*[[Quaternary syphilis]] | |||
*[[Rabies]] | |||
*[[Raised intracranial pressure]] | |||
*[[Raymond cestan syndrome]] | |||
*[[Rheumatoid arthritis]] | |||
*[[Rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis ]] | |||
*[[Rollet syndrome ]] | |||
*[[Scleritis]] | |||
*[[Scleroderma]] | |||
*[[Scombroid poisoning]] | |||
*[[Simvastatin]] | |||
*[[Sjögren syndrome]] | |||
*[[Steele-richardson-olszewski syndrome]] | |||
*[[Sturge-Weber syndrome]] | |||
*[[Subarchnoid hemorrhage]] | |||
*[[Subdural hematoma]] | |||
*[[Superior orbital fissure syndrome]] | |||
*[[Syringobulbia]] | |||
*[[Systemic lupus erythematosus]] | |||
*[[Systemic sclerosis ]] | |||
*[[Taipoxin (taipan)]] | |||
*[[Thiamine deficiency]] | |||
*[[Tick paralysis]] | |||
*[[Tolosa-hunt syndrome]] | |||
*[[Toscana virus]] | |||
*[[Trachoma]] | |||
*[[Transverse myelitis]] | |||
*[[Tuberculosis]] | |||
*[[Uremia]] | |||
*[[Vertebrobasilar insufficiency]] | |||
*[[Vincristine]] | |||
*[[Viperidae beta-bungarotoxin (krait)]] | |||
*[[Weber syndrome]] | |||
*[[Wegener's syndrome]] | |||
*[[Wernicke-korsakoff syndrome]] | |||
*[[Whipple's disease]] | |||
*[[Wildervanck syndrome]] | |||
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Revision as of 17:50, 17 July 2013
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Ophthalmoparesis is a physical finding in certain neurologic illnesses. It refers to paralysis of the extraocular muscles which are responsible for eye movements. It can refer to complete paralysis of the eyes, in which case it is synonymous with ophthalmoplegia. More usually, it refers to a partial paralysis, in contrast to the complete paralysis denoted by ophthalmoplegia.
Classification
Ophthalmoparesis can involve any or all of the extraocular muscles, which include the superior recti, inferior recti, medial recti, lateral recti, inferior oblique and superior oblique muscles.
It can also be classified by the directions of affected movements, e.g. "vertical ophthalmoparesis".
Types of ophthalmoplegia are:
Causes
Ophthalmoparesis can result from disorders of various parts of the eye and nervous system:
- The orbit of the eye, including mechanical restrictions of eye movement, as in Graves disease.
- The muscle, as in progressive external ophthalmoplegia or Kearns-Sayre syndrome
- The neuromuscular junction, as in myasthenia gravis.
- The cranial nerves or their brainstem nuclei of the oculomotor, trochlear, and abducens.
- White matter tracts in the brainstem, as in internuclear ophthalmoplegia, an occasional finding in multiple sclerosis.
- Injury to supranuclear structures, as in progressive supranuclear palsy.
- Very rarely, disorders of higher brain structures, including the parietal lobes of the cerebral cortex.
Thiamine deficiency can cause ophthalmoparesis in susceptible persons; this is part of the syndrome called Wernicke encephalopathy. The causal pathway by which this occurs is unknown. Intoxication with certain substances, such as phenytoin, can also cause ophthalmoparesis.
Common Causes
- List the most common causes here.
Causes by Organ System
Causes in Alphabetical Order
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Differentiating Opthalmoparesis from other Conditions
- Acute cranial polyneuropathy
- Adie syndrome
- Bilateral third nerve involvement
- Botulism
- Brainstem stroke
- Diptheria
- Drugs
- Iris injury
- Meningitis
- Myasthenia gravis
- Tetanus
- Midbrain lesion
- Vasculitis
Treatment
Treatment depend on the underlying condition.
Related Chapters
sv:Internukleär oftalmoplegi
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