Ophthalmoparesis: Difference between revisions
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*Acute bacterial rhino[[sinusitis]] | *Acute bacterial rhino[[sinusitis]] | ||
*Acute disseminated | *Acute disseminated [[encephalomyelitis]] | ||
*Agenesis of [[extraocular muscles]] | *Agenesis of [[extraocular muscles]] | ||
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*[[Arachnoid cyst]] | *[[Arachnoid cyst]] | ||
*[[Aralytic shellfish poisoning ]] | *[[Aralytic shellfish poisoning]] | ||
*[[Arias oculootoradial syndrome]] | *[[Arias oculootoradial syndrome]] | ||
*[[Aspergillus ]] | *[[Aspergillus]] | ||
*[[Ataxia]]-oculomotor [[apraxia]] type 1 | *[[Ataxia]]-oculomotor [[apraxia]] type 1 | ||
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*[[Atorvastatin]] | *[[Atorvastatin]] | ||
*[[Venomous | *[[Venomous snake|Atractaspididae (african mole viper)]] | ||
*Autosomal-dominant [[progressive external opthalmoplegia]] (adPEO) | *Autosomal-dominant [[progressive external opthalmoplegia]] (adPEO) | ||
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*Basilar artery [[migraine]] | *Basilar artery [[migraine]] | ||
*[[Benedikt syndrome]] | *[[Benedikt's syndrome]] | ||
*[[Berry aneurysm]] | *[[Berry aneurysm]] | ||
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*[[Beta blockers]] | *[[Beta blockers]] | ||
* | *Bickerstaff's brain stem [[encephalitis]] | ||
*[[Blepharitis]] | *[[Blepharitis]] | ||
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*[[Carcinoma lung]] | *[[Carcinoma lung]] | ||
*[[Carotid dissection]] | *[[Carotid artery dissection]] | ||
* | *Carotid-cavernous [[fistulas]] | ||
* | *Cavernous sinus dural [[arteriovenous fistula]] | ||
*[[Cavernous sinus thrombosis]] | *[[Cavernous sinus thrombosis]] | ||
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*[[Central core myopathy]] | *[[Central core myopathy]] | ||
* | *Central nervous system [[angiitis]] | ||
*[[Centronuclear myopathy]] | *[[Centronuclear myopathy]] | ||
* | *Christianson type x-linked [[mental retardation]] | ||
*[[Ciguatera poisoning]] | *[[Ciguatera poisoning]] | ||
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*[[Coarctation of aorta]] | *[[Coarctation of aorta]] | ||
*[[Cobra poisoning ]] | *[[Venomous snake|Cobra poisoning ]] | ||
*[[Colubridae (boomslang, twig snake)]] | *[[Venomous snake|Colubridae (boomslang, twig snake)]] | ||
*[[Congenital fiber-type disproportion myopathy]] | *[[Congenital fiber-type disproportion myopathy]] | ||
*[[ | *Congenital [[fibrosis]] of [[extraocular muscles]](FEOM) | ||
*[[Corneal erosion]] | *[[Corneal erosion]] | ||
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*[[Corneal ulcer]] | *[[Corneal ulcer]] | ||
*[[ | *Crotoxin [[Venomous snake|(rattlesnake)]] | ||
*[[Dermoid cyst]] | *[[Dermoid cyst]] | ||
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*[[Duane ocular retraction syndrome]] | *[[Duane ocular retraction syndrome]] | ||
*[[Ehlers | *[[Ehlers Danlos syndrome]] | ||
*[[Elapidae]] | *[[Venomous snake|Elapidae]] | ||
*[[Episcleritis]] | *[[Episcleritis]] | ||
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*[[Eye Packing]] | *[[Eye Packing]] | ||
* | *Familial horizontal gaze palsy with progressive [[scoliosis]] | ||
*[[Fatty acid hydroxylase-associated neurodegeneration]] | *[[Fatty acid hydroxylase-associated neurodegeneration]] | ||
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*[[Friedreich ataxia]] | *[[Friedreich ataxia]] | ||
*[[ | *Fungal [[conjunctivitis]] | ||
*[[Glucocorticoids]] | *[[Glucocorticoids]] | ||
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*[[Growth hormone secreting pituitary adenoma]] | *[[Growth hormone secreting pituitary adenoma]] | ||
*[[Guillain- | *[[Guillain-Barre syndrome ]] | ||
*[[Horner's syndrome]] | *[[Horner's syndrome]] | ||
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*[[Hypertension]] | *[[Hypertension]] | ||
*[[Hypocalcemia ]] | *[[Hypocalcemia]] | ||
* | *Infantile-onset [[spinocerebellar ataxia]] | ||
*[[Infection ]] | *[[Infection ]] | ||
*[[ | *Inflamed [[pterygium]] | ||
*[[Inflammatory bowel disease]] | *[[Inflammatory bowel disease]] | ||
*[[ | *Intracranial [[aneurysm]] | ||
*[[Intracranial space-occupying lesion]] | *[[Intracranial space-occupying lesion]] | ||
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*[[Ischemia ]] | *[[Ischemia ]] | ||
*[[Kearns- | *[[Kearns-Sayre syndrome]] | ||
*[[Koerber-Salus-Elshnig syndrome]] | *[[Koerber-Salus-Elshnig syndrome]] | ||
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*[[Kufor-rakeb syndrome]] | *[[Kufor-rakeb syndrome]] | ||
*[[Lambert- | *[[Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome]] | ||
*[[Lateral medullary syndrome]] | *[[Lateral medullary syndrome]] | ||
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*[[Lovastatin]] | *[[Lovastatin]] | ||
*[[ | *[[Epidural anesthesia ]] | ||
*[[Magnesium sulfate]] | *[[Magnesium sulfate]] | ||
*[[Mamba | *[[Mamba]] snake | ||
*[[Melanoma-associated retinopathy]] | *[[Melanoma]]-associated [[retinopathy]] | ||
*[[MELAS syndrome]] | *[[MELAS syndrome]] | ||
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*[[Mobius syndrome]] | *[[Mobius syndrome]] | ||
*[[ | *Multicore [[myopathy]] | ||
*[[Multiple sclerosis]] | *[[Multiple sclerosis]] | ||
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*[[Myoneurogastrointestinal encephalopathy syndrome]] | *[[Myoneurogastrointestinal encephalopathy syndrome]] | ||
*[[ | *Myotubular [[myopathy ]] | ||
*[[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]] | *[[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]] | ||
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*[[Neurosarcoidosis]] | *[[Neurosarcoidosis]] | ||
*[[Niemann- | *[[Niemann-Pick disease]] | ||
*[[Notexin (tiger snake)]] | *[[Venomous snake|Notexin (tiger snake)]] | ||
*[[Nothnagel syndrome]] | *[[Nothnagel syndrome]] | ||
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*[[Pancoast tumour]] | *[[Pancoast tumour]] | ||
*[[ | *Paraneoplastic [[encephalomyelitis]] | ||
*[[ | *Paraneoplastic [[optic neuritis]] | ||
*[[Parinaud's syndrome ]] | *[[Parinaud's syndrome ]] | ||
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*[[Pregabalin]] | *[[Pregabalin]] | ||
*[[ | *Preseptal [[cellulitis]] | ||
*[[Progressive supranuclear palsy]] | *[[Progressive supranuclear palsy]] | ||
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*[[Rheumatoid arthritis]] | *[[Rheumatoid arthritis]] | ||
* | *Rhino-orbital-cerebral[[mucormycosis]] | ||
*[[Rollet syndrome ]] | *[[Rollet syndrome ]] | ||
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*[[Sjögren syndrome]] | *[[Sjögren syndrome]] | ||
*[[Steele-richardson-olszewski | *[[Steele-richardson-olszewski syndrome]] | ||
*[[Sturge-Weber syndrome]] | *[[Sturge-Weber syndrome]] | ||
*[[ | *Subarchnoid [[hemorrhage]] | ||
*[[ | *Subdural [[hematoma]] | ||
*[[Superior orbital fissure syndrome]] | *[[Superior orbital fissure syndrome]] | ||
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*[[Systemic sclerosis ]] | *[[Systemic sclerosis ]] | ||
*[[Taipoxin (taipan) | *[[Taipoxin]](taipan) | ||
*[[Thiamine deficiency]] | *[[Thiamine deficiency]] | ||
Revision as of 18:52, 17 July 2013
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Ophthalmoparesis is a physical finding in certain neurologic illnesses. It refers to paralysis of the extraocular muscles which are responsible for eye movements. It can refer to complete paralysis of the eyes, in which case it is synonymous with ophthalmoplegia. More usually, it refers to a partial paralysis, in contrast to the complete paralysis denoted by ophthalmoplegia.
Classification
Ophthalmoparesis can involve any or all of the extraocular muscles, which include the superior recti, inferior recti, medial recti, lateral recti, inferior oblique and superior oblique muscles.
It can also be classified by the directions of affected movements, e.g. "vertical ophthalmoparesis".
Types of ophthalmoplegia are:
Causes
Ophthalmoparesis can result from disorders of various parts of the eye and nervous system:
- The orbit of the eye, including mechanical restrictions of eye movement, as in Graves disease.
- The muscle, as in progressive external ophthalmoplegia or Kearns-Sayre syndrome
- The neuromuscular junction, as in myasthenia gravis.
- The cranial nerves or their brainstem nuclei of the oculomotor, trochlear, and abducens.
- White matter tracts in the brainstem, as in internuclear ophthalmoplegia, an occasional finding in multiple sclerosis.
- Injury to supranuclear structures, as in progressive supranuclear palsy.
- Very rarely, disorders of higher brain structures, including the parietal lobes of the cerebral cortex.
Thiamine deficiency can cause ophthalmoparesis in susceptible persons; this is part of the syndrome called Wernicke encephalopathy. The causal pathway by which this occurs is unknown. Intoxication with certain substances, such as phenytoin, can also cause ophthalmoparesis.
Common Causes
- List the most common causes here.
Causes by Organ System
Causes in Alphabetical Order
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Differentiating Opthalmoparesis from other Conditions
- Acute cranial polyneuropathy
- Adie syndrome
- Bilateral third nerve involvement
- Botulism
- Brainstem stroke
- Diptheria
- Drugs
- Iris injury
- Meningitis
- Myasthenia gravis
- Tetanus
- Midbrain lesion
- Vasculitis
Treatment
Treatment depend on the underlying condition.
Related Chapters
sv:Internukleär oftalmoplegi
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