Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase: Difference between revisions
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==Causes of Increased Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase== | ==Causes of Increased Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase== | ||
===Life Threatening Causes=== | ===Life Threatening Causes=== | ||
*[[Appendicitis]] | |||
*[[Blood transfusion]] | |||
*[[Burns]] | |||
*[[Diabetic coma]] | |||
*[[Diabetic ketoacidosis]] | |||
*[[Eclampsia]] | |||
*[[Epidural hemorrhage]] | |||
*[[Hemorrhagic shock]] | |||
*[[Fulminant hepatic necrosis|Hepatic necrosis]] | |||
*[[Venom|Insect venoms]] | |||
*[[Intracerebral hemorrhage]] | |||
*[[Ischemic colitis]] | |||
*[[Myocardial infarction]] | |||
*[[Osteomyelitis]] | |||
*[[Pelvic abscess]] | |||
===Common Causes=== | ===Common Causes=== | ||
| Line 151: | Line 166: | ||
*[[Arsphenamine]] | *[[Arsphenamine]] | ||
*[[Blood transfusion]] | *[[Blood transfusion]] | ||
*[[Bronchogenic carcinoma ]] | *[[Bronchogenic carcinoma]] | ||
*[[Burkholderia mallei ]] | *[[Burkholderia mallei]] | ||
*[[Burns]] | *[[Burns]] | ||
*[[Camphor]] | *[[Camphor]] | ||
*[[Catecholamines ]] | *[[Catecholamines]] | ||
*[[Cellulitis]] | *[[Cellulitis]] | ||
*[[Cesarean delivery]] | *[[Cesarean delivery]] | ||
| Line 167: | Line 182: | ||
*[[Coccidioides immitis]] | *[[Coccidioides immitis]] | ||
*[[Asplenia|Congenital asplenia]] | *[[Asplenia|Congenital asplenia]] | ||
*[[Neutropenia|Congenital neutropenia ]] | *[[Neutropenia|Congenital neutropenia]] | ||
*[[Corticosteroids]] | *[[Corticosteroids]] | ||
*[[Cushing's disease]] | *[[Cushing's disease]] | ||
| Line 186: | Line 201: | ||
*[[Fanconi anemia]] | *[[Fanconi anemia]] | ||
*[[G-CSF]] | *[[G-CSF]] | ||
{{col-break|width=33%}} | |||
*[[Gastric carcinoma]] | *[[Gastric carcinoma]] | ||
*[[Giant cell arteritis]] | *[[Giant cell arteritis]] | ||
*[[GM-CSF]] | *[[GM-CSF]] | ||
| Line 228: | Line 243: | ||
*[[Otitis media]] | *[[Otitis media]] | ||
*[[Panic disorders]] | *[[Panic disorders]] | ||
*[[Paraneoplastic phenomenon ]] | *[[Paraneoplastic phenomenon]] | ||
*[[Pelger-Huet anomaly]] | *[[Pelger-Huet anomaly]] | ||
*[[Pelvic abscess]] | *[[Pelvic abscess]] | ||
| Line 284: | Line 299: | ||
==Causes of Decreased Leukocyte Alkaline Phosphatase== | ==Causes of Decreased Leukocyte Alkaline Phosphatase== | ||
===Life Threatening Causes=== | ===Life Threatening Causes=== | ||
*[[Burns]] | |||
*[[Epinephrine]] | |||
*[[Respiratory alkalosis]] | |||
*[[Salicylate]] | |||
*[[Terbutaline]] | |||
===Common Causes=== | ===Common Causes=== | ||
| Line 363: | Line 383: | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Oncologic''' | | '''Oncologic''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute myelogenous leukemia]], [[Chronic myelogenous leukemia | atypical chronic myelogenous leukemia ]], [[carcinoid syndrome]], [[carcinoma of pancreas]], [[chronic eosinophilic leukemia]], [[chronic myelogenous leukemia]], [[chronic myelomonocytic leukemia]], [[malignant diseases]], [[malignant lymphoma]], [[Non-Hodgkin lymphoma]], [[oncogenic osteomalacia]], [[ganglioneuroma | thoracic ganglioneuroma]] | |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute myelogenous leukemia]], [[Chronic myelogenous leukemia | atypical chronic myelogenous leukemia]], [[carcinoid syndrome]], [[carcinoma of pancreas]], [[chronic eosinophilic leukemia]], [[chronic myelogenous leukemia]], [[chronic myelomonocytic leukemia]], [[malignant diseases]], [[malignant lymphoma]], [[Non-Hodgkin lymphoma]], [[oncogenic osteomalacia]], [[ganglioneuroma | thoracic ganglioneuroma]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| Line 387: | Line 407: | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy''' | | '''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Blood transfusion ]], [[collagen vascular diseases]], [[fibromyalgia]], [[pernicious anemia]], [[renal transplant]], [[sarcoidosis]], [[systemic lupus erythematosus]], [[systemic sclerosis ]] | |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Blood transfusion ]], [[collagen vascular diseases]], [[fibromyalgia]], [[pernicious anemia]], [[renal transplant]], [[sarcoidosis]], [[systemic lupus erythematosus]], [[systemic sclerosis]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| Line 451: | Line 471: | ||
*[[Erythroblastosis fetalis]] | *[[Erythroblastosis fetalis]] | ||
*[[Essential thrombocythemia]] | *[[Essential thrombocythemia]] | ||
{{col-break|width=33%}} | |||
*[[Fanconi syndrome]] | *[[Fanconi syndrome]] | ||
*[[Fibromyalgia]] | *[[Fibromyalgia]] | ||
*[[Diphyllobothrium |Fish tapeworm]] | *[[Diphyllobothrium |Fish tapeworm]] | ||
| Line 474: | Line 494: | ||
*[[Hypoparathyroidism]] | *[[Hypoparathyroidism]] | ||
*[[Hypophosphatemia]] | *[[Hypophosphatemia]] | ||
*[[Hypothyroidism ]] | *[[Hypothyroidism]] | ||
*[[Idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome]] | *[[Idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome]] | ||
*[[Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura]] | *[[Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura]] | ||
| Line 493: | Line 513: | ||
*[[Infection|Neonatal infection]]<ref name="Sharma-1980">{{Cite journal | last1 = Sharma | first1 = SC. | title = Leucocyte alkaline phosphatase in neonatal infections. | journal = Postgrad Med J | volume = 56 | issue = 657 | pages = 485-7 | month = Jul | year = 1980 | doi = | PMID = 7443603 }}</ref> | *[[Infection|Neonatal infection]]<ref name="Sharma-1980">{{Cite journal | last1 = Sharma | first1 = SC. | title = Leucocyte alkaline phosphatase in neonatal infections. | journal = Postgrad Med J | volume = 56 | issue = 657 | pages = 485-7 | month = Jul | year = 1980 | doi = | PMID = 7443603 }}</ref> | ||
*[[Niacin]] | *[[Niacin]] | ||
{{col-break|width=33%}} | |||
*[[Non-Hodgkin lymphoma]] | *[[Non-Hodgkin lymphoma]] | ||
*[[Blood|Old blood samples]] | *[[Blood|Old blood samples]] | ||
*[[Oncogenic osteomalacia]] | *[[Oncogenic osteomalacia]] | ||
| Line 509: | Line 529: | ||
*[[Neutropenia|Recurrent neutropenia]] | *[[Neutropenia|Recurrent neutropenia]] | ||
*[[Refeeding syndrome]] | *[[Refeeding syndrome]] | ||
*[[Thrombocytopenia | Refractory thrombocytopenia ]] | *[[Thrombocytopenia | Refractory thrombocytopenia]] | ||
*[[Respiratory alkalosis]] | *[[Respiratory alkalosis]] | ||
*[[Renal transplant]] | *[[Renal transplant]] | ||
*[[Rheumatoid arthritis]] | *[[Rheumatoid arthritis]] | ||
*[[Roundworm ]] | *[[Roundworm]] | ||
*[[Salicylate ]] | *[[Salicylate]] | ||
*[[Sarcoidosis]] | *[[Sarcoidosis]] | ||
*[[Short bowel syndrome]] | *[[Short bowel syndrome]] | ||
Revision as of 19:59, 22 July 2013
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Vendhan Ramanujam M.B.B.S [2]
Synonyms and keywords: LAP
Overview
Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase is an enzyme found within white blood cells. The blood level of leukocyte alkaline phosphatase is measured in order to help in the diagnosis of certain conditions. Higher levels of the enzyme are seen in polycythemia vera, essential thrombocytosis, primary myelofibrosis and leukemoid reaction. Lower levels are found in chronic myelogenous leukemia, aplastic anemia, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria and acute myelogenous leukemia.
Causes of Increased Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase
Life Threatening Causes
- Appendicitis
- Blood transfusion
- Burns
- Diabetic coma
- Diabetic ketoacidosis
- Eclampsia
- Epidural hemorrhage
- Hemorrhagic shock
- Hepatic necrosis
- Insect venoms
- Intracerebral hemorrhage
- Ischemic colitis
- Myocardial infarction
- Osteomyelitis
- Pelvic abscess
Common Causes
- Acute leukemia
- Essential thrombocytosis
- Leukemoid reaction
- Malignant lymphoma
- Megaloblastic anemia
- Multiple Myeloma[1]
- Myelofibrosis
- Polycythemia Vera
- Solid tumors
- Tissue necrosis[2][3]
Causes by Organ System
Causes in Alphabetical Order
Causes of Decreased Leukocyte Alkaline Phosphatase
Life Threatening Causes
Common Causes
- Aplastic anemia
- Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia
- Hypophosphatemia[4]
- Iron deficiency anemia
- Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
- Systemic lupus erythematosus[5][6][7][8][9]
Causes by Organ System
Causes in Alphabetical Order
References
- ↑ Brook J, Dreisbach PB (1977). "Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase levels in multiple myeloma". J Lab Clin Med. 90 (1): 114–7. PMID 406335.
- ↑ Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016
- ↑ Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X
- ↑ Gaasbeek, A.; Meinders, AE. (2005). "Hypophosphatemia: an update on its etiology and treatment". Am J Med. 118 (10): 1094–101. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2005.02.014. PMID 16194637. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ TANAKA, KR.; VALENTINE, WN.; FREDRICKS, RE. (1960). "Diseases or clinical conditions associated with low leukocyte alkaline phosphatase". N Engl J Med. 262: 912–8. doi:10.1056/NEJM196005052621804. PMID 13836802. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016
- ↑ Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Sharma, SC. (1980). "Leucocyte alkaline phosphatase in neonatal infections". Postgrad Med J. 56 (657): 485–7. PMID 7443603. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 9.0 9.1 Lokich, JJ. (1977). "Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase activity in patients with malignant disease". Cancer. 40 (3): 1202–5. PMID 902237. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help)