Acute muscle soreness: Difference between revisions
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
Ochuko Ajari (talk | contribs) No edit summary |
Rim Halaby (talk | contribs) No edit summary |
||
| Line 5: | Line 5: | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Acute muscle soreness (AMS) is a term to describe [[muscle]] soreness felt during the muscle's use in an activity or shortly after its use (generally no longer than an hour). It is not connected to its longer counterpart, [[delayed onset muscle soreness]], which can last up to 72 hours after muscle activity. | Acute muscle soreness (AMS) is a term to describe [[muscle]] soreness felt during the muscle's use in an activity or shortly after its use (generally no longer than an hour). It is not connected to its longer counterpart, [[delayed onset muscle soreness]], which can last up to 72 hours after muscle activity. | ||
==Pathophysiology== | |||
* It is generally known to be caused by tears in the [[muscle fibers]] or fascia. Soreness can occur after trying a new [[muscle]] activity or [[exercise]], exercising during or after a prolonged period of being sedentary (little or no exercise or movement) or a large change in your current [[exercise]] routine. | |||
* A new theory has emerged as to the cause of AMS which states that AMS is caused by ATP-derived [[hydrogen]] [[ion]]s in the [[muscles]]. This deprivation lead to a [[pH]] and [[acidosis]] levels within the muscles. This decrease of levels within the muscles is what causes the soreness which is perceived by the [[patient]]. | |||
* Though AMS is now believed to be caused by ATP-derived hydrogen ions they may not be solely responsible. For instance, if other substances can drop the pH and increase acidosis in the muscles, then theoretically they can also contribute to AMS. | |||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
===Life Threatening Causes=== | ===Life Threatening Causes=== | ||
*[[Lactic acidosis]] | *[[Lactic acidosis]] | ||
| Line 23: | Line 18: | ||
*[[Exercise]] | *[[Exercise]] | ||
*[[Lactic acidosis]] | *[[Lactic acidosis]] | ||
*Muscle tears | * [[Injury|Muscle tears]] | ||
===Causes by Organ System=== | ===Causes by Organ System=== | ||
| Line 80: | Line 75: | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic''' | | '''Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| Decreased muscle oxygen, exercise induced | |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hypoxia|Decreased muscle oxygen]], [[rhabdomyolysis|exercise induced rhabdomyolysis]], [[mononucleosis]], [[injury|muscle tears]], [[shin splints]], [[swelling|muscle swelling]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| Line 88: | Line 83: | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Nutritional/Metabolic''' | | '''Nutritional/Metabolic''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| Exercise induced free radical production, [[lactic acidosis]] | |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Free radical|Exercise induced free radical production]], [[lactic acidosis]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| Line 116: | Line 111: | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Renal/Electrolyte''' | | '''Renal/Electrolyte''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| Exercise induced rhabdomyolysis | |bgcolor="Beige"| [[rhabdomyolysis|Exercise induced rhabdomyolysis]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| Line 128: | Line 123: | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Trauma''' | | '''Trauma''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| Muscle tears, [[repetitive strain injury]] | |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Injury|Muscle tears]], [[repetitive strain injury]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| Line 149: | Line 144: | ||
*[[Lactic acidosis]] | *[[Lactic acidosis]] | ||
*[[Mononucleosis]] | *[[Mononucleosis]] | ||
*Muscle tears | *[[Injury|Muscle tears]] | ||
*[[Repetitive strain injury]] | *[[Repetitive strain injury]] | ||
*[[Shin splints]] | *[[Shin splints]] | ||
*[[Strength training]] | *[[Strength training]] | ||
*Stretch shortening exercise | *[[Exercise|Stretch shortening exercise]] | ||
* | *T[[Swelling|issue swelling within the muscle]] | ||
==Natural History, Complications and Prognosis== | |||
AMS, in general, disappears quickly (hence the term acute). To speed the [[recovery]] period would be to stop the [[exercise]] or movement causing it. However, the soreness can last even after the muscle/s cease activity and can remain for up to an hour. | |||
== | ==Treatment== | ||
*There are ways to quicken the recovery period and relieve the [[patient]] of the [[pain]]. This is achieved by the removal of all the [[adenosine triphosphate|ATP]]-derived hydrogen ions and so techniques to speed up the removal of these ions will shorten [[recovery]] time. | |||
Techniques include: | *Techniques include: | ||
*Light [[aerobic]] exercise | **Light [[aerobic]] exercise | ||
*[[Stretching]] | **[[Stretching]] | ||
*Massaging the affected area's or [[muscles]]. | **Massaging the affected area's or [[muscles]]. | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 14:31, 25 July 2013
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ogheneochuko Ajari, MB.BS, MS [2]
Overview
Acute muscle soreness (AMS) is a term to describe muscle soreness felt during the muscle's use in an activity or shortly after its use (generally no longer than an hour). It is not connected to its longer counterpart, delayed onset muscle soreness, which can last up to 72 hours after muscle activity.
Pathophysiology
- It is generally known to be caused by tears in the muscle fibers or fascia. Soreness can occur after trying a new muscle activity or exercise, exercising during or after a prolonged period of being sedentary (little or no exercise or movement) or a large change in your current exercise routine.
- A new theory has emerged as to the cause of AMS which states that AMS is caused by ATP-derived hydrogen ions in the muscles. This deprivation lead to a pH and acidosis levels within the muscles. This decrease of levels within the muscles is what causes the soreness which is perceived by the patient.
- Though AMS is now believed to be caused by ATP-derived hydrogen ions they may not be solely responsible. For instance, if other substances can drop the pH and increase acidosis in the muscles, then theoretically they can also contribute to AMS.
Causes
Life Threatening Causes
Common Causes
Causes by Organ System
| Cardiovascular | Exercise induced rhabdomyolysis, lactic acidosis |
| Chemical/Poisoning | No underlying causes |
| Dental | No underlying causes |
| Dermatologic | Mononucleosis |
| Drug Side Effect | Influenza vaccine |
| Ear Nose Throat | Mononucleosis |
| Endocrine | No underlying causes |
| Environmental | No underlying causes |
| Gastroenterologic | Lactic acidosis |
| Genetic | No underlying causes |
| Hematologic | No underlying causes |
| Iatrogenic | No underlying causes |
| Infectious Disease | No underlying causes |
| Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic | Decreased muscle oxygen, exercise induced rhabdomyolysis, mononucleosis, muscle tears, shin splints, muscle swelling |
| Neurologic | Fatigue |
| Nutritional/Metabolic | Exercise induced free radical production, lactic acidosis |
| Obstetric/Gynecologic | No underlying causes |
| Oncologic | No underlying causes |
| Ophthalmologic | No underlying causes |
| Overdose/Toxicity | No underlying causes |
| Psychiatric | No underlying causes |
| Pulmonary | No underlying causes |
| Renal/Electrolyte | Exercise induced rhabdomyolysis |
| Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy | No underlying causes |
| Sexual | No underlying causes |
| Trauma | Muscle tears, repetitive strain injury |
| Urologic | No underlying causes |
| Miscellaneous | Decreased muscle oxygen, exercise induced free radical production, exercise, fatigue, shin splints, strength training, stretch shortening exercise |
Causes in Alphabetical Order
- Decreased muscle oxygen
- Exercise
- Exercise induced free radical production[1]
- Exercise induced rhabdomyolysis[2]
- Fatigue
- Influenza vaccine
- Lactic acidosis
- Mononucleosis
- Muscle tears
- Repetitive strain injury
- Shin splints
- Strength training
- Stretch shortening exercise
- Tissue swelling within the muscle
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
AMS, in general, disappears quickly (hence the term acute). To speed the recovery period would be to stop the exercise or movement causing it. However, the soreness can last even after the muscle/s cease activity and can remain for up to an hour.
Treatment
- There are ways to quicken the recovery period and relieve the patient of the pain. This is achieved by the removal of all the ATP-derived hydrogen ions and so techniques to speed up the removal of these ions will shorten recovery time.
- Techniques include:
- Light aerobic exercise
- Stretching
- Massaging the affected area's or muscles.
References
- ↑ Thompson D, Williams C, Kingsley M, Nicholas CW, Lakomy HK, McArdle F; et al. (2001). "Muscle soreness and damage parameters after prolonged intermittent shuttle-running following acute vitamin C supplementation". Int J Sports Med. 22 (1): 68–75. doi:10.1055/s-2001-11358. PMID 11258644.
- ↑ Heled Y, Zarian A, Moran D, Hadad E (2005). "[Exercise induced rhabdomyolysis--characteristics, mechanisms and treatment]". Harefuah. 144 (1): 34–8, 70. PMID 15719820.