Warty dyskeratoma: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Warty dyskeratoma (WD), is a [[benign]]<ref name="pmid">{{cite journal |author=Diallo M, Cribier B, Scrivener Y |title=[Warty dyskeratoma: infundibular histogenesis. Anatomoclinical study of 43 cases] |language=French |journal=[[Ann Dermatol Venereol]] |volume=134 |issue=8-9 |pages=633–6 |year=2007 |pmid= 17925685|doi= |url=http://www.masson.fr/masson/MDOI-AD-08-2007-134-8-0151-9638-101019-200520001 |issn=}}</ref> [[epidermis (skin)|epidermal]] proliferation with distinctive histologic findings that may mimic invasive squamous cell carcinoma<ref name="pmid6434720">{{cite journal |author=Chau MN, Radden BG |title=Oral warty dyskeratoma |journal=[[J. Oral Pathol.]] |volume=13 |issue=5 |pages=546–56 |year=1984 |month=October |pmid=6434720 |doi= 10.1111/j.1600-0714.1984.tb01455.x|url= |issn=}}</ref> and commonly manifests as an umbilicated (Having a central mark or depression resembling a [[navel]]) lesion with a [[keratotic plug]],<ref name="pmid6698687">{{cite journal |author=Kaugars GE, Lieb RJ, Abbey LM |title=Focal oral warty dyskeratoma |journal=[[Int. J. Dermatol.]] |volume=23 |issue=2 |pages=123–30 |year=1984 |month=March |pmid=6698687 |doi= 10.1111/j.1365-4362.1984.tb05686.x|url= |issn=}}</ref> | Warty dyskeratoma (WD), is a [[benign]]<ref name="pmid">{{cite journal |author=Diallo M, Cribier B, Scrivener Y |title=[Warty dyskeratoma: infundibular histogenesis. Anatomoclinical study of 43 cases] |language=French |journal=[[Ann Dermatol Venereol]] |volume=134 |issue=8-9 |pages=633–6 |year=2007 |pmid= 17925685|doi= |url=http://www.masson.fr/masson/MDOI-AD-08-2007-134-8-0151-9638-101019-200520001 |issn=}}</ref> [[epidermis (skin)|epidermal]] proliferation with distinctive histologic findings that may mimic invasive squamous cell carcinoma<ref name="pmid6434720">{{cite journal |author=Chau MN, Radden BG |title=Oral warty dyskeratoma |journal=[[J. Oral Pathol.]] |volume=13 |issue=5 |pages=546–56 |year=1984 |month=October |pmid=6434720 |doi= 10.1111/j.1600-0714.1984.tb01455.x|url= |issn=}}</ref> and commonly manifests as an umbilicated (Having a central mark or depression resembling a [[navel]]) lesion with a [[keratotic plug]],<ref name="pmid6698687">{{cite journal |author=Kaugars GE, Lieb RJ, Abbey LM |title=Focal oral warty dyskeratoma |journal=[[Int. J. Dermatol.]] |volume=23 |issue=2 |pages=123–30 |year=1984 |month=March |pmid=6698687 |doi= 10.1111/j.1365-4362.1984.tb05686.x|url= |issn=}}</ref> | ||
==Historical Perspective== | ==Historical Perspective== | ||
Warty dyskeratoma was first described by Graham and Helwig as isolated Darier’s disease in 1954. This name, warty dyskeratoma was first coinedby Szymanski in 1957 after his review of the cases. | Warty dyskeratoma was first described by Graham and Helwig as isolated Darier’s disease in 1954. This name, warty dyskeratoma was first coinedby Szymanski in 1957 after his review of the cases. | ||
==Causes== | |||
The etiology of warty dyskeratoma is unclear, but a viral infection, smoking, autoimmunity, and ultraviolet light have been postulated to play a role. Several hypothesis reveal histopathologic similarities to [[viral warts]] but it's not caused by [[HPV]] and the majority of these lesions display overall histopathologic features consistent with a [[follicular adnexal neoplasm]].<ref name="pmid12196754">{{cite journal |author=Kaddu S, Dong H, Mayer G, Kerl H, Cerroni L |title=Warty dyskeratoma--"follicular dyskeratoma": analysis of clinicopathologic features of a distinctive follicular adnexal neoplasm |journal=[[J. Am. Acad. Dermatol.]] |volume=47 |issue=3 |pages=423–8 |year=2002 |month=September |pmid=12196754 |doi= 10.1067/mjd.2002.122756|url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0190962202001317 |issn=}}</ref> | |||
==Differentiating Warty Dyskeratoma from other Conditions== | ==Differentiating Warty Dyskeratoma from other Conditions== | ||
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* [[Squamous carcinoma]] | * [[Squamous carcinoma]] | ||
* [[Vulvar dysplasia]]<ref name="pmid6642851"/> | * [[Vulvar dysplasia]]<ref name="pmid6642851"/> | ||
==Epidemiology and Demographics== | |||
Warty dyskeratoma is a rare epidermal tumor that frequently arises as a papule or nodule on the head or neck of middle-aged or older persons. | |||
==Diagnosis== | |||
===History and Symptoms=== | |||
The patient usally comes complaing of pruritus. It is usually limited to the [[head]], [[neck]],<ref name="pmid6642851">{{cite journal |author=Duray PH, Merino MJ, Axiotis C |title=Warty dyskeratoma of the vulva |journal=[[Int. J. Gynecol. Pathol.]] |volume=2 |issue=3 |pages=286–93 |year=1983 |pmid=6642851 |doi= 10.1097/00004347-198303000-00006|url= |issn=}}</ref> [[scalp]]<ref name="pmid9499610">{{cite journal |author=Griffiths TW, Hashimoto K, Sharata HH, Ellis CN |title=Multiple warty dyskeratomas of the scalp |journal=[[Clin. Exp. Dermatol.]] |volume=22 |issue=4 |pages=189–91 |year=1997 |month=July |pmid=9499610 |doi= 10.1111/j.1365-2230.1997.tb01059.x|url= |issn=}}</ref> or [[face]] and [[vulva]].<ref name="pmid6642851"/> Lesions are generally [[wikt:solitary|solitary]] and sporadic and may be associated with a [[follicular unit]]. [[Mouth|Oral]] involvement,<ref name="pmid6698687"/> particularly the [[hard palate]], and [[genital]] involvement have been reported. They may also complain of recurrent foul-smelling cheesy drainage from the lesions. There may be central bleeding associated with trauma to the lesion. | |||
==Treatment== | |||
The treatment of choice of WD is surgical excision. Other possible modalities of treatment are | |||
* Curettement with electro-desiccation | |||
* Irradiation with X-ray had been tried, but these were followed by recurrence3. | |||
* Tazarotenic acid gel.<ref name="pmid11807455">{{cite journal| author=Abramovits W, Abdelmalek N| title=Treatment of warty dyskeratoma with tazarotenic acid. | journal=J Am Acad Dermatol | year= 2002 | volume= 46 | issue= 2 Suppl Case Reports | pages= S4 | pmid=11807455 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11807455 }} </ref>has been reported. | |||
The other modalities are frequently associated with recurrences. | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Mugilan Poongkunran M.B.B.S [2]
Synonyms and keywords: Isolated dyskeratosis follicularis
Overview
Warty dyskeratoma (WD), is a benign[1] epidermal proliferation with distinctive histologic findings that may mimic invasive squamous cell carcinoma[2] and commonly manifests as an umbilicated (Having a central mark or depression resembling a navel) lesion with a keratotic plug,[3]
Historical Perspective
Warty dyskeratoma was first described by Graham and Helwig as isolated Darier’s disease in 1954. This name, warty dyskeratoma was first coinedby Szymanski in 1957 after his review of the cases.
Causes
The etiology of warty dyskeratoma is unclear, but a viral infection, smoking, autoimmunity, and ultraviolet light have been postulated to play a role. Several hypothesis reveal histopathologic similarities to viral warts but it's not caused by HPV and the majority of these lesions display overall histopathologic features consistent with a follicular adnexal neoplasm.[4]
Differentiating Warty Dyskeratoma from other Conditions
Warty dyskeratoma can also be thought of as one of the manifestations of focal acantholytic dyskeratosis, an epidermal reaction pattern that can be seen in several disorders, including Darier's disease and Grover's disease.[5] But the main Difference between Darier disease and Warty dyskeratoma, is that Darier disease inherited dermatosis (autosomal dominant) consisting of multiple keratotic papules on the face, trunk, and extremities, while WD occurs as an isolated, noninherited, single keratotic nodule mainly confined to the head and neck as mentioned earlier.[6]
Warty dyskeratoma must be differentiated from viral-induced squamous lesions and others such as
Epidemiology and Demographics
Warty dyskeratoma is a rare epidermal tumor that frequently arises as a papule or nodule on the head or neck of middle-aged or older persons.
Diagnosis
History and Symptoms
The patient usally comes complaing of pruritus. It is usually limited to the head, neck,[6] scalp[7] or face and vulva.[6] Lesions are generally solitary and sporadic and may be associated with a follicular unit. Oral involvement,[3] particularly the hard palate, and genital involvement have been reported. They may also complain of recurrent foul-smelling cheesy drainage from the lesions. There may be central bleeding associated with trauma to the lesion.
Treatment
The treatment of choice of WD is surgical excision. Other possible modalities of treatment are
- Curettement with electro-desiccation
- Irradiation with X-ray had been tried, but these were followed by recurrence3.
- Tazarotenic acid gel.[8]has been reported.
The other modalities are frequently associated with recurrences.
References
- ↑ Diallo M, Cribier B, Scrivener Y (2007). "[Warty dyskeratoma: infundibular histogenesis. Anatomoclinical study of 43 cases]". Ann Dermatol Venereol (in French). 134 (8–9): 633–6. PMID 17925685.
- ↑ Chau MN, Radden BG (1984). "Oral warty dyskeratoma". J. Oral Pathol. 13 (5): 546–56. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0714.1984.tb01455.x. PMID 6434720. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 3.0 3.1 Kaugars GE, Lieb RJ, Abbey LM (1984). "Focal oral warty dyskeratoma". Int. J. Dermatol. 23 (2): 123–30. doi:10.1111/j.1365-4362.1984.tb05686.x. PMID 6698687. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Kaddu S, Dong H, Mayer G, Kerl H, Cerroni L (2002). "Warty dyskeratoma--"follicular dyskeratoma": analysis of clinicopathologic features of a distinctive follicular adnexal neoplasm". J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 47 (3): 423–8. doi:10.1067/mjd.2002.122756. PMID 12196754. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ James, William D.; Berger, Timothy G.; et al. (2006). Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: clinical Dermatology. Saunders Elsevier. ISBN 0-7216-2921-0.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Duray PH, Merino MJ, Axiotis C (1983). "Warty dyskeratoma of the vulva". Int. J. Gynecol. Pathol. 2 (3): 286–93. doi:10.1097/00004347-198303000-00006. PMID 6642851.
- ↑ Griffiths TW, Hashimoto K, Sharata HH, Ellis CN (1997). "Multiple warty dyskeratomas of the scalp". Clin. Exp. Dermatol. 22 (4): 189–91. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2230.1997.tb01059.x. PMID 9499610. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Abramovits W, Abdelmalek N (2002). "Treatment of warty dyskeratoma with tazarotenic acid". J Am Acad Dermatol. 46 (2 Suppl Case Reports): S4. PMID 11807455.