Aortic dissection causes

Aortic dissection Microchapters
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Case Studies
Case #1

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Vendhan Ramanujam M.B.B.S [2]

Overview

Atherosclerosis and hypertension are associated with spontaneous dissection, while blunt trauma injury and sudden deceleration in a motor vehicle accident is a major cause of aortic dissection.

Causes

Common Causes

• Atherosclerosis
• Cardiac procedures related
• Chest trauma
• Connective tissue disorders
• Hypertension
• Vasculitis

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	Atherosclerosis, bicuspid aortic valve, hypertension, malignant hypertension, vasculitis
Chemical/Poisoning	No underlying causes
Dental	No underlying causes
Dermatologic	No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect	Methonium
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	Cushing's syndrome
Environmental	No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic	No underlying causes
Genetic	Aneurysms osteoarthritis syndrome, annuloaortic ectasia, bicuspid aortic valve, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, Erdheim's cystic medial necrosis, familial aortic dissection, fibromuscular dysplasia, Loeys-Dietz syndrome, Marfan syndrome, mutation of TGF-β receptor genes, mutations in genes encoding α-actin and β-myosin, mutations in SMAD3, mutations in the gene encoding filamin A, Noonan syndrome, osteogenesis imperfecta, pseudoxanthoma elasticum, Turner syndrome
Hematologic	No underlying causes
Iatrogenic	Aortic valve replacement surgery, cardiac catheterization, coronary artery bypass graft surgery, following implantation of stent graft, following use of intra-aortic balloon pump, mitral valve replacement surgery, surgical correction of aortic coarctation
Infectious Disease	Annuloaortic ectasia, aortitis, HIV, syphilitic aortitis
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic	Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, osteogenesis imperfecta
Neurologic	No underlying causes
Nutritional/Metabolic	Homocystinuria
Obstetric/Gynecologic	No underlying causes
Oncologic	No underlying causes
Ophthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity	Cocaine abuse
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	No underlying causes
Renal/Electrolyte	Polycystic kidney disease
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy	Aortitis, arteritis, Behçet's disease, giant cell arteritis, rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma, systemic lupus erythematosus, Takayasu arteritis, vasculitis
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	Chest trauma, deceleration injuries, motor vehicle accident
Urologic	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	Connective tissue disorders, heavy exercise, idiopathic

Causes in Alphabetical Order

• Atherosclerosis
• Aneurysms osteoarthritis syndrome
• Annuloaortic ectasia
• Aortic valve replacement surgery
• Aortitis
• Arteritis
• Behçet's disease
• Bicuspid aortic valve
• Cardiac catheterization
• Chest trauma
• Cocaine abuse
• Connective tissue disorders
• Coronary artery bypass graft surgery
• Cushing's syndrome
• Deceleration injuries
• Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
• Erdheim's cystic medial necrosis

• Familial aortic dissection
• Fibromuscular dysplasia
• Following implantation of stent graft
• Following use of intra-aortic balloon pump
• Giant cell arteritis
• Heavy exercise
• HIV
• Homocystinuria
• Hypertension
• Idiopathic
• Loeys-Dietz syndrome
• Malignant hypertension
• Marfan syndrome
• Methonium
• Mitral valve replacement surgery
• Motor vehicle accident

• Mutation of TGF-β receptor genes
• Mutations in genes encoding α-actin and β-myosin
• Mutations in SMAD3
• Mutations in the gene encoding filamin A
• Noonan syndrome
• Osteogenesis imperfecta
• Polycystic kidney disease
• Pseudoxanthoma elasticum
• Rheumatoid arthritis
• Scleroderma
• Surgical correction of aortic coarctation
• Syphilitic aortitis
• Systemic lupus erythematosus
• Takayasu arteritis
• Turner syndrome
• Vasculitis