Multifocal atrial tachycardia: Difference between revisions

	WikiDoc Resources for Multifocal atrial tachycardia
Articles
Most recent articles on Multifocal atrial tachycardia Most cited articles on Multifocal atrial tachycardia Review articles on Multifocal atrial tachycardia Articles on Multifocal atrial tachycardia in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ
Media
Powerpoint slides on Multifocal atrial tachycardia Images of Multifocal atrial tachycardia Photos of Multifocal atrial tachycardia Podcasts & MP3s on Multifocal atrial tachycardia Videos on Multifocal atrial tachycardia
Evidence Based Medicine
Cochrane Collaboration on Multifocal atrial tachycardia Bandolier on Multifocal atrial tachycardia TRIP on Multifocal atrial tachycardia
Clinical Trials
Ongoing Trials on Multifocal atrial tachycardia at Clinical Trials.gov Trial results on Multifocal atrial tachycardia Clinical Trials on Multifocal atrial tachycardia at Google
Guidelines / Policies / Govt
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Multifocal atrial tachycardia NICE Guidance on Multifocal atrial tachycardia NHS PRODIGY Guidance FDA on Multifocal atrial tachycardia CDC on Multifocal atrial tachycardia
Books
Books on Multifocal atrial tachycardia
News
Multifocal atrial tachycardia in the news Be alerted to news on Multifocal atrial tachycardia News trends on Multifocal atrial tachycardia
Commentary
Blogs on Multifocal atrial tachycardia
Definitions
Definitions of Multifocal atrial tachycardia
Patient Resources / Community
Patient resources on Multifocal atrial tachycardia Discussion groups on Multifocal atrial tachycardia Patient Handouts on Multifocal atrial tachycardia Directions to Hospitals Treating Multifocal atrial tachycardia Risk calculators and risk factors for Multifocal atrial tachycardia
Healthcare Provider Resources
Symptoms of Multifocal atrial tachycardia Causes & Risk Factors for Multifocal atrial tachycardia Diagnostic studies for Multifocal atrial tachycardia Treatment of Multifocal atrial tachycardia
Continuing Medical Education (CME)
CME Programs on Multifocal atrial tachycardia
International
Multifocal atrial tachycardia en Espanol Multifocal atrial tachycardia en Francais
Business
Multifocal atrial tachycardia in the Marketplace Patents on Multifocal atrial tachycardia
Experimental / Informatics
List of terms related to Multifocal atrial tachycardia

← Older edit Newer edit →

VisualWikitext

Revision as of 17:44, 16 July 2018

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]

Synonyms and keywords: MAT

Overview

Multifocal atrial tachycardia (MAT) or also called chaotic atrial tachycardia is a cardiac arrhythmia, specifically a type of supraventricular tachycardia (rate exceeding 100 beats per minute). This is characterized by 3 or more different P wave shapes or contour, variable PP, PR and RR intervals. Most P waves are conducted to the ventricles but some are not. Some R waves are aberrantly conducted.This variability makes it look irregular on the surface ECG and often misinterpreted as atrial fibrillation.

A rhythm with same the ECG characteristics but at a slow rate is called multifocal atrial rhythm (MAR).

It can be seen among elderly patients with COPD and CHF and eventually develop into atrial fibrillation.

Causes

Multifocal atrial tachycardia usually results from an underlying medical condition such as COPD, chronic renal failure, pulmonary embolism, electrolyte imbalance, and many other conditions.

Life Threatening Causes

Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.

Common Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	Congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, valvular heart disease
Chemical/Poisoning	No underlying causes
Dental	No underlying causes
Dermatologic	No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect	Aminophylline, isoproterenol, theophylline
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	Diabetes mellitus
Environmental	No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic	No underlying causes
Genetic	No underlying causes
Hematologic	No underlying causes
Iatrogenic	Postoperative complication
Infectious Disease	Pneumonia, sepsis
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic	No underlying causes
Neurologic	No underlying causes
Nutritional/Metabolic	No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic	No underlying causes
Oncologic	Lung cancer
Ophthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity	Aminophylline
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hypoxia, lung cancer, pneumonia, pulmonary embolism
Renal/Electrolyte	Chronic renal failure, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy	No underlying causes
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	No underlying causes
Urologic	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	No underlying causes

Causes in Alphabetical Order

Diagnosis

Electrocardiography

There are P waves of varying morphology from at least three different foci
There is absence of one dominant atrial pacemaker
Variable PP intervals, RR intervals, and PR intervals
Atrial rate is above 100 beats per minute (bpm)
Can be mistaken for atrial fibrillation if the p waves are of low amplitude
High incidence in the elderly and in those with COPD

References

Additional resources

ECGpedia: Course for interpretation of ECG

Examples

<figure-inline></figure-inline>

Template:WikiDoc Sources

@@ Line 20: / Line 20: @@
 {{SK}} MAT
 ==Overview==
-'''Multifocal atrial tachycardia''' is a [[cardiac arrhythmia]], specifically a type of [[supraventricular tachycardia]]. It is characterized by an [[electrocardiogram]] (ECG) strip with 3 or more P-waves of variable morphology and varying P-R intervals, plus tachycardia, which is a heart rate exceeding 100 beats per minute.
+'''Multifocal atrial tachycardia''' (MAT) or also called chaotic atrial tachycardia is a [[cardiac arrhythmia]], specifically a type of [[supraventricular tachycardia]] (rate exceeding 100 beats per minute). This is characterized by 3 or more different P wave shapes  or contour, variable PP, PR and RR intervals. Most P waves are conducted to the ventricles but some are not. Some R  waves are aberrantly conducted.This variability makes it look irregular on the surface ECG and often misinterpreted as [[atrial fibrillation]].
-The P-waves and P-R intervals are variable due to a phenomenon called [[wandering atrial pacemaker]] (WAP). The electrical impulse is generated at a different focus within the atria of the heart each time. WAP is positive once the heart generates at least three different P-wave formations from the same ECG lead. Then, if the heart rate exceeds 100 beats per minute, the phenomenon is called multifocal atrial tachycardia.
+A rhythm with same the ECG characteristics but at a slow rate is called multifocal atrial rhythm (MAR).
-It is mostly common in patients with lung disorders, but it can be occur after [[acute MI]], [[hypokalemia]], and [[hypomagnesemia]].
-It is sometimes associated with [[digoxin|digitalis]] toxicity in patients with heart disease. Its rate can be reduced by administering [[verapamil]].
+It can be seen among elderly patients with [[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease|COPD]] and [[Congestive heart failure|CHF]] and eventually develop into [[atrial fibrillation]].
 ==Causes==
@@ Line 51: / Line 51: @@
 ===Causes by Organ System===
-{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
+{| style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
-|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" |'''Cardiovascular'''
+| style="width:25%" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" ; border="1" |'''Cardiovascular'''
-|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Congestive heart failure]], [[myocardial infarction]], [[valvular heart disease]]
+| style="width:75%" bgcolor="Beige" ; border="1" | [[Congestive heart failure]], [[myocardial infarction]], [[valvular heart disease]]
 |-
-|bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Chemical/Poisoning'''
+| bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Chemical/Poisoning'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
 |-
-|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Dental'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
 |-
-|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Dermatologic'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
 |-
-|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Drug Side Effect'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aminophylline]], [[isoproterenol]], [[theophylline]]
+| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Aminophylline]], [[isoproterenol]], [[theophylline]]
 |-
-|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Ear Nose Throat'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
 |-
-|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Endocrine'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Diabetes mellitus]]
+| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Diabetes mellitus]]
 |-
-|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Environmental'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
 |-
-|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Gastroenterologic'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
 |-
-|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Genetic'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
 |-
-|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Hematologic'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
 |-
-|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Iatrogenic'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Postoperative complication]]
+| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Postoperative complication]]
 |-
-|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Infectious Disease'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Pneumonia]], [[sepsis]]
+| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Pneumonia]], [[sepsis]]
 |-
-|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
 |-
-|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Neurologic'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
 |-
-|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Nutritional/Metabolic'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
 |-
-|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
 |-
-|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Oncologic'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Lung cancer]]
+| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Lung cancer]]
 |-
-|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Ophthalmologic'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
 |-
-|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Overdose/Toxicity'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aminophylline]]
+| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Aminophylline]]
 |-
-|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Psychiatric'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
 |-
-|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Pulmonary'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]], [[hypoxia]], [[lung cancer]], [[pneumonia]], [[pulmonary embolism]]
+| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]], [[hypoxia]], [[lung cancer]], [[pneumonia]], [[pulmonary embolism]]
 |-
-|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Renal/Electrolyte'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Chronic renal failure]], [[hypokalemia]], [[hypomagnesemia]]
+| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Chronic renal failure]], [[hypokalemia]], [[hypomagnesemia]]
 |-
-|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
 |-
-|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Sexual'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
 |-
-|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Trauma'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
 |-
-|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Urologic'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
 |-
-|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Miscellaneous'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
 |-
 |}
@@ Line 203: / Line 203: @@
 ==Examples==
-[[image:MAT.jpg|400px|Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia (MAT)]]
+<figure-inline>[[image:MAT.jpg|841x841px]]</figure-inline>
 [[Category:Crowdiagnosis]]