High triglyceride causes: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 21:20, 13 November 2013

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Priyamvada Singh, M.B.B.S. [2]; Ogheneochuko Ajari, MB.BS, MS [3]

Overview

Hypertriglyceridemia can occur due to various causes, including genetics, familial, metabolic and drugs.

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.

Hypertriglyceridemia does not have life threatening causes.

Common Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	Alström syndrome, apoprotein E deficiency, chylomicron levels raised (plasma), familial chylomicronemia, familial combined hyperlipidemia, familial hypertriglyceridemia, hyperlipoproteinemia, familial type 5, intermediate density lipoprotein levels raised (plasma or serum), metabolic syndrome, Reaven syndrome X
Chemical/Poisoning	No underlying causes
Dental	No underlying causes
Dermatologic	Systemic lupus erythematosus
Drug Side Effect	Amprenavir, atazanavir sulfate, atypical antipsychotics, bendrofluazide, beta-blockers, bexarotene, chlorthalidone, clomiphene, colesevelam hydrochloride, colestyramine, combined oral contraceptive pill, desvenlafaxine, diuretics, estrogen replacement therapy, fosamprenavir, glucocorticoids, hydrochlorothiazide, interferon alpha, linagliptin, lopinavir, mirtazapine, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, olanzapine, oral isotretinoin, propofol, protease inhibitors, ritonavir, saquinavir, tamoxifen, temsirolimus, tipranavir, tocilizumab
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	Cushing's syndrome, diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, polycystic ovary syndrome, Reaven syndrome X
Environmental	No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic	Acute pancreatitis, Alagille syndrome, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 deficiency, cholesteryl ester storage disease, glycogen storage disease type 1, glycogenosis type 1a, liver cirrhosis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Genetic	Alagille syndrome, Alström syndrome, apoprotein E deficiency, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 deficiency, cholesteryl ester storage disease, congenital generalized lipodystrophy type 1, deficiency of apolipoprotein C2 , familial chylomicronemia, familial combined hyperlipidemia, familial histiocytic reticulosis, familial hypertriglyceridemia, fish eye disease, glycogen storage disease type 1, glycogenosis type 1a, hyperlipoproteinemia, familial type 5, lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency, metabolic syndrome, Niemann-Pick disease type B, Reaven syndrome X, sphingomyelinase deficiency, Tangier disease
Hematologic	Familial histiocytic reticulosis
Iatrogenic	Parenteral nutrition
Infectious Disease	No underlying causes
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic	Systemic lupus erythematosus
Neurologic	Niemann-Pick disease type B, sphingomyelinase deficiency
Nutritional/Metabolic	Alcohol, apoprotein E deficiency, chylomicron levels raised (plasma), deficiency of apolipoprotein C2, familial chylomicronemia, familial combined hyperlipidemia, familial hypertriglyceridemia, glycogen storage disease type 1, glycogenosis type 1a, high carbohydrate or high glycemic index, hyperlipoproteinemia, familial type 5, intermediate density lipoprotein levels raised (plasma or serum), lipodystrophy, lipoprotein lipase deficiency, metabolic syndrome, obesity, Reaven syndrome X, Tangier disease, very low density lipoprotein levels raised (plasma or serum), vitamin E deficiency, familial isolated
Obstetric/Gynecologic	Polycystic ovary syndrome, pregnancy
Oncologic	No underlying causes
Ophthalmologic	Diabetes mellitus, Lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency
Overdose/Toxicity	Alcohol
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	No underlying causes
Renal/Electrolyte	Chronic kidney disease, chronic renal insufficiency, diabetes mellitus, nephrotic syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy	Macrophage activation syndrome, metabolic syndrome, paraproteinemias, Reaven syndrome X, systemic lupus erythematosus
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	No underlying causes
Urologic	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	Alcohol

Causes in Alphabetical Order

References

↑ ^1.00 ^1.01 ^1.02 ^1.03 ^1.04 ^1.05 ^1.06 ^1.07 ^1.08 ^1.09 ^1.10 ^1.11 ^1.12 ^1.13 Kolovou GD, Anagnostopoulou KK, Kostakou PM, Bilianou H, Mikhailidis DP (2009). "Primary and secondary hypertriglyceridaemia". Curr Drug Targets. 10 (4): 336–43. PMID 19355858.
↑ Fallat RW, Glueck CJ (1976). "Familial and acquired type V hyperlipoproteinemia". Atherosclerosis. 23 (1): 41–62. PMID 1078394.

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[pmid19355858-1] 1.00 ^1.01 ^1.02 ^1.03 ^1.04 ^1.05 ^1.06 ^1.07 ^1.08 ^1.09 ^1.10 ^1.11 ^1.12 ^1.13 Kolovou GD, Anagnostopoulou KK, Kostakou PM, Bilianou H, Mikhailidis DP (2009). "Primary and secondary hypertriglyceridaemia". Curr Drug Targets. 10 (4): 336–43. PMID 19355858.

[pmid1078394-2] Fallat RW, Glueck CJ (1976). "Familial and acquired type V hyperlipoproteinemia". Atherosclerosis. 23 (1): 41–62. PMID 1078394.

[1]

[2]

@@ Line 133: / Line 133: @@
 ===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
-{{MultiCol}}
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 *[[Acute  pancreatitis]]
 *[[Alagille syndrome]]
@@ Line 160: / Line 161: @@
 *[[Desvenlafaxine]]
 *[[Diabetes mellitus]]<ref name="pmid19355858">{{cite journal| author=Kolovou GD, Anagnostopoulou KK, Kostakou PM, Bilianou H, Mikhailidis DP| title=Primary and secondary hypertriglyceridaemia. | journal=Curr Drug Targets | year= 2009 | volume= 10 | issue= 4 | pages= 336-43 | pmid=19355858 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19355858  }} </ref>
+{{col-break|width=33%}}
 *[[Diuretics]]
 *[[Estrogen replacement  therapy]]
@@ Line 173: / Line 175: @@
 *[[carbohydrate|High carbohydrate or high  glycemic index]]
 *[[Hydrochlorothiazide]]
-{{ColBreak}}
 *[[hyperlipoproteinemia type V|Hyperlipoproteinemia,  familial type 5]]<ref name="pmid1078394">{{cite journal| author=Fallat RW, Glueck CJ| title=Familial and acquired type V hyperlipoproteinemia. | journal=Atherosclerosis | year= 1976 | volume= 23 | issue= 1 | pages= 41-62 | pmid=1078394 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=1078394  }} </ref>
 *[[Hypothyroidism]] <ref name="pmid19355858">{{cite journal| author=Kolovou GD, Anagnostopoulou KK, Kostakou PM, Bilianou H, Mikhailidis DP| title=Primary and secondary hypertriglyceridaemia. | journal=Curr Drug Targets | year= 2009 | volume= 10 | issue= 4 | pages= 336-43 | pmid=19355858 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19355858  }} </ref>
@@ Line 187: / Line 188: @@
 *[[Macrophage activation  syndrome]]
 *[[Metabolic syndrome]] <ref name="pmid19355858">{{cite journal| author=Kolovou GD, Anagnostopoulou KK, Kostakou PM, Bilianou H, Mikhailidis DP| title=Primary and secondary hypertriglyceridaemia. | journal=Curr Drug Targets | year= 2009 | volume= 10 | issue= 4 | pages= 336-43 | pmid=19355858 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19355858  }} </ref>
+{{col-break|width=33%}}
 *[[Mirtazapine]]
 *[[Nephrotic syndrome]]<ref name="pmid19355858">{{cite journal| author=Kolovou GD, Anagnostopoulou KK, Kostakou PM, Bilianou H, Mikhailidis DP| title=Primary and secondary hypertriglyceridaemia. | journal=Curr Drug Targets | year= 2009 | volume= 10 | issue= 4 | pages= 336-43 | pmid=19355858 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19355858  }} </ref>
@@ Line 213: / Line 215: @@
 *[[VLDL|Very low density lipoprotein levels raised (plasma or serum)]]
 *[[vitamin E deficiency|Vitamin E deficiency, familial isolated]]
-{{EndMultiCol}}
+{{col-end}}
 ==References==

v t e Lipopedia
Basic Science	Cholesterol • Triglyceride Lipoprotein metabolism and transport Lipoprotein: Chylomicron • Chylomicron remnant • HDL • IDL • LDL • Lipoprotein(a) • VLDL • Lipoprotein-X Apolipoprotein: APOA (1, 2, 4, 5) • APOB ( Apolipoprotein B-48, Apolipoprotein B-100) • APOC (1, 2, 3, 4) • APOD • APOE • APOH • APOJ • APOL • APOM • Apo(a) Lipoprotein receptor: LDL receptor • Soluble low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (sLRP) • Apolipoprotein E Receptor 2 • Scavenger receptor • Scavenger receptor A • Scavenger receptor B • VLDL receptor Lipoprotein enzymes: Lipoprotein lipase • Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) • Cholesterylester transfer protein ( Acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase, Lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase) • Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein • ABCA1 Genes: Low density lipoprotein receptor gene family • Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein • ABCA1
Lipoprotein Disorders	Lipoprotein disorders Primary lipoprotein disorders: Familial hyperchylomicronemia (Type I) • Familial hypercholesterolemia (Type IIA) • Familial combined hyperlipidemia (Type IIB) • Dysbetalipoproteinemia (Type III) • Primary hypertriglyceridemia (Type IV) • Mixed hyperlipoproteinemia (Type V) Secondary lipoprotein disorders
Abnormal Laboratory Lipid Profile	Low chylomicron • Low chylomicron remnant • Low HDL • Low IDL • Low LDL • Low lipoprotein(a) • Low VLDL High chylomicron • High chylomicron remnant • High HDL • High IDL • High LDL • High Lipoprotein(a) • High VLDL