Chronic hypertension: Difference between revisions

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==Landmark Trials==
==Landmark Trials==
*[[ALLHAT]]
[[ALLHAT]], [[ACCORD]], [[ABCD]], [[NAVIGATOR]], [[IDNT]], [[PROGRESS]], [[VALUE]], [[ONTARGET]], [[INVEST]], [[MRFIT]], [[MERIT-HF]], [[COPERNICUS]], [[CIBIS]], [[SOLVD]], [[AIRE]], [[TRACE]], [[ValHEFT]], [[RALES]], [[BHAT]], [[SAVE]], [[CAPRICORN]], [[EPHESUS]], [[HOPE]], [[ANBP2]], [[LIFE]], [[CONVINCE]], [[UKPDS]], [[RENAAL]], [[REIN]], [[Captopril Trial]]
*[[ACCORD]]<ref name="pmid20228401">{{cite journal| author=ACCORD Study Group. Cushman WC, Evans GW, Byington RP, Goff DC, Grimm RH et al.| title=Effects of intensive blood-pressure control in type 2 diabetes mellitus. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2010 | volume= 362 | issue= 17 | pages= 1575-85 | pmid=20228401 | doi=10.1056/NEJMoa1001286 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20228401 }} [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20667901 Review in: Evid Based Med. 2010 Oct;15(5):142-3] [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20643982 Review in: Ann Intern Med. 2010 Jul 20;153(2):JC1-4, JC1-5] </ref>
 
*[[ABCD]]<ref name="pmid11849464">{{cite journal| author=Schrier RW, Estacio RO, Esler A, Mehler P| title=Effects of aggressive blood pressure control in normotensive type 2 diabetic patients on albuminuria, retinopathy and strokes. | journal=Kidney Int | year= 2002 | volume= 61 | issue= 3 | pages= 1086-97 | pmid=11849464 | doi=10.1046/j.1523-1755.2002.00213.x | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11849464 }} </ref>
 
*[[NAVIGATOR]]<ref name="pmid20228403">{{cite journal| author=NAVIGATOR Study Group. McMurray JJ, Holman RR, Haffner SM, Bethel MA, Holzhauer B et al.| title=Effect of valsartan on the incidence of diabetes and cardiovascular events. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2010 | volume= 362 | issue= 16 | pages= 1477-90 | pmid=20228403 | doi=10.1056/NEJMoa1001121 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20228403 }} [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21646316 Review in: Evid Based Med. 2011 Aug;16(4):122-3] [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20547903 Review in: Ann Intern Med. 2010 Jun 15;152(12):JC6-9] </ref>
 
*[[IDNT]]<ref name="pmid11565517">{{cite journal| author=Lewis EJ, Hunsicker LG, Clarke WR, Berl T, Pohl MA, Lewis JB et al.| title=Renoprotective effect of the angiotensin-receptor antagonist irbesartan in patients with nephropathy due to type 2 diabetes. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2001 | volume= 345 | issue= 12 | pages= 851-60 | pmid=11565517 | doi=10.1056/NEJMoa011303 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11565517 }} [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11985424 Review in: ACP J Club. 2002 May-Jun;136(3):82-4] </ref>
 
*[[PROGRESS]]<ref name="pmid16685221">{{cite journal| author=Arima H, Chalmers J, Woodward M, Anderson C, Rodgers A, Davis S et al.| title=Lower target blood pressures are safe and effective for the prevention of recurrent stroke: the PROGRESS trial. | journal=J Hypertens | year= 2006 | volume= 24 | issue= 6 | pages= 1201-8 | pmid=16685221 | doi=10.1097/01.hjh.0000226212.34055.86 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16685221 }} </ref>
 
*[[VALUE]]<ref name="pmid15207952">{{cite journal| author=Julius S, Kjeldsen SE, Weber M, Brunner HR, Ekman S, Hansson L et al.| title=Outcomes in hypertensive patients at high cardiovascular risk treated with regimens based on valsartan or amlodipine: the VALUE randomised trial. | journal=Lancet | year= 2004 | volume= 363 | issue= 9426 | pages= 2022-31 | pmid=15207952 | doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(04)16451-9 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15207952 }} </ref>
 
*[[ONTARGET]]<ref name="pmid18378520">{{cite journal| author=ONTARGET Investigators. Yusuf S, Teo KK, Pogue J, Dyal L, Copland I et al.| title=Telmisartan, ramipril, or both in patients at high risk for vascular events. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2008 | volume= 358 | issue= 15 | pages= 1547-59 | pmid=18378520 | doi=10.1056/NEJMoa0801317 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18378520 }} [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19141267 Review in: J Fam Pract. 2009 Jan;58(1):24-7] [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18836115 Review in: Evid Based Med. 2008 Oct;13(5):147] </ref>
 
*[[INVEST]]<ref name="pmid20606150">{{cite journal| author=Cooper-DeHoff RM, Gong Y, Handberg EM, Bavry AA, Denardo SJ, Bakris GL et al.| title=Tight blood pressure control and cardiovascular outcomes among hypertensive patients with diabetes and coronary artery disease. | journal=JAMA | year= 2010 | volume= 304 | issue= 1 | pages= 61-8 | pmid=20606150 | doi=10.1001/jama.2010.884 | pmc=PMC3008411 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20606150 }} [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21047847 Review in: Evid Based Med. 2011 Feb;16(1):24-6] </ref>


==Special Populations==
==Special Populations==

Revision as of 03:39, 6 November 2013

Classification

For patient information click here

Hypertension Main page

Overview

Causes

Classification

Primary Hypertension
Secondary Hypertension
Hypertensive Emergency
Hypertensive Urgency

Screening

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Lakshmi Gopalakrishnan, M.D.; Raviteja Guddeti, M.B.B.S. [2] Assistant Editor-In-Chief: Taylor Palmieri

Synonyms and keywords: High blood pressure; HBP; HTN; systemic hypertension; raised blood pressure; hyperpiesis

Overview

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Hypertension from other Disorders

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms | Blood Pressure Measurement | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | Electrocardiogram | Chest X ray | CT | MRI | Echocardiography or Ultrasound | Renal Arteriography | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Lifestyle Modification | Medical Therapy

Landmark Trials

ALLHAT, ACCORD, ABCD, NAVIGATOR, IDNT, PROGRESS, VALUE, ONTARGET, INVEST, MRFIT, MERIT-HF, COPERNICUS, CIBIS, SOLVD, AIRE, TRACE, ValHEFT, RALES, BHAT, SAVE, CAPRICORN, EPHESUS, HOPE, ANBP2, LIFE, CONVINCE, UKPDS, RENAAL, REIN, Captopril Trial

Special Populations

Pregnancy | Diabetes | Cyclosporin

Case Studies

Case #1


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