High VLDL causes: Difference between revisions

	Very Low Density Lipoprotein Microchapters
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Revision as of 17:12, 20 November 2013

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mugilan Poongkunran M.B.B.S [2]

Overview

VLDL contains the highest amount of triglyceride and its increased levels are associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease, hypertension and stroke. Normal VLDL cholesterol level is between 5 and 40 mg/dL. High VLDL may primarily be a consequence of inherited (genetic) diseases that affect the lipid metabolism, or due to secondary causes like drugs affecting lipid metabolism and chronic liver disease.

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.

Gram negative sepsis

Common Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	No underlying causes
Chemical/Poisoning	Diterpenoids
Dental	No underlying causes
Dermatologic	No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect	Azathioprine, bexarotene, calcineurin inhibitors, chlortalidone, corticosteroids, cyclosporine, desvenlafaxine, immunosuppressive agents, levonorgestrel, lopinavir, mycophenolate, nicotine, norgestrel, prednisone, progestin, protease inhibitors, rapamycin, rosiglitazone, sirolimus, thiazide, tocilizumab
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	Acromegaly, Cushing's syndrome, dehydroepiandrosterone, diabetes mellitus type 2, hypercortisolism, hypothyroidism, polycystic ovarian syndrome, subclinical hypothyroidism
Environmental	No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic	Acute hepatitis, chronic liver disease, obstructive jaundice
Genetic	Acid sphingomyelinase deficiency, apolipoprotein C-II deficiency, autosomal recessive hypercholesterolemia, familial combined hyperlipidemia, familial defective apolipoprotein B-100, familial hypercholesterolemia, familial hyperlipoproteinemia type 5, familial hypertriglyceridaemia, familial mixed hyperlipidaemia, IL 28B polymorphisms, lipoprotein lipase deficiency, Niemann-Pick disease, polygenic hypercholesterolemia
Hematologic	No underlying causes
Iatrogenic	No underlying causes
Infectious Disease	Gram negative sepsis, H. pylori infection, small bowel bacterial overgrowth syndrome
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic	No underlying causes
Neurologic	No underlying causes
Nutritional/Metabolic	Chenodeoxycholic acid, high carbohydrate diet, high saturated fat diet, polygenic hypercholesterolemia, primary hyperlipoproteinemia, primary hypolipoproteinemia, selenium deficiency
Obstetric/Gynecologic	Polycystic ovarian syndrome
Oncologic	Lymphoma, multiple myeloma
Ophthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity	No underlying causes
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	No underlying causes
Renal/Electrolyte	Chronic kidney disease, nephrotic syndrome, uremia
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy	Dysproteinemia, monoclonal gammopathy, multiple myeloma, paraproteinemia
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	No underlying causes
Urologic	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	Alcoholism

Causes in Alphabetical Order

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Durrington, P. (2003). "Dyslipidaemia". Lancet. 362 (9385): 717–31. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)14234-1. PMID 12957096. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Covington, MB. (2004). "Omega-3 fatty acids". Am Fam Physician. 70 (1): 133–40. PMID 15259529. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
↑ Kronenberg, F. (2005). "Dyslipidemia and nephrotic syndrome: recent advances". J Ren Nutr. 15 (2): 195–203. PMID 15827892. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

Template:WikiDoc Sources

[Durrington-2003-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Durrington, P. (2003). "Dyslipidaemia". Lancet. 362 (9385): 717–31. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)14234-1. PMID 12957096. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

[Covington-2004-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Covington, MB. (2004). "Omega-3 fatty acids". Am Fam Physician. 70 (1): 133–40. PMID 15259529. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

[Kronenberg-2005-3] Kronenberg, F. (2005). "Dyslipidemia and nephrotic syndrome: recent advances". J Ren Nutr. 15 (2): 195–203. PMID 15827892. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

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 ==Overview==
-[[VLDL]] contains the highest amount of triglyceride and high VLDL are associated with an increased risk of [[coronary heart disease]], [[hypertension]] and [[stroke]].  High VLDL may primarily be a consequence of [[inherited]] ([[genetic]]) diseases that affect the [[lipid metabolism]], or due to secondary causes like drugs affecting lipid metabolism and [[chronic liver disease]].
+[[VLDL]] contains the highest amount of triglyceride and its increased levels are associated with an increased risk of [[coronary heart disease]], [[hypertension]] and [[stroke]].  Normal VLDL cholesterol level is between 5 and 40 mg/dL.  High VLDL may primarily be a consequence of [[inherited]] ([[genetic]]) diseases that affect the [[lipid metabolism]], or due to secondary causes like drugs affecting lipid metabolism and [[chronic liver disease]].
 ==Causes==

v t e Lipopedia
Basic Science	Cholesterol • Triglyceride Lipoprotein metabolism and transport Lipoprotein: Chylomicron • Chylomicron remnant • HDL • IDL • LDL • Lipoprotein(a) • VLDL • Lipoprotein-X Apolipoprotein: APOA (1, 2, 4, 5) • APOB ( Apolipoprotein B-48, Apolipoprotein B-100) • APOC (1, 2, 3, 4) • APOD • APOE • APOH • APOJ • APOL • APOM • Apo(a) Lipoprotein receptor: LDL receptor • Soluble low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (sLRP) • Apolipoprotein E Receptor 2 • Scavenger receptor • Scavenger receptor A • Scavenger receptor B • VLDL receptor Lipoprotein enzymes: Lipoprotein lipase • Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) • Cholesterylester transfer protein ( Acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase, Lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase) • Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein • ABCA1 Genes: Low density lipoprotein receptor gene family • Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein • ABCA1
Lipoprotein Disorders	Lipoprotein disorders Primary lipoprotein disorders: Familial hyperchylomicronemia (Type I) • Familial hypercholesterolemia (Type IIA) • Familial combined hyperlipidemia (Type IIB) • Dysbetalipoproteinemia (Type III) • Primary hypertriglyceridemia (Type IV) • Mixed hyperlipoproteinemia (Type V) Secondary lipoprotein disorders
Abnormal Laboratory Lipid Profile	Low chylomicron • Low chylomicron remnant • Low HDL • Low IDL • Low LDL • Low lipoprotein(a) • Low VLDL High chylomicron • High chylomicron remnant • High HDL • High IDL • High LDL • High Lipoprotein(a) • High VLDL