Coccidioidomycosis natural history: Difference between revisions
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==Complications== | ==Complications== | ||
Serious complications may occur in patients with weakened immune systems, including severe [[pneumonia]], lung [[granuloma|nodule]]s, and possible disseminated form, where the infection spreads throughout the body. The disseminated form of ''Coccidioidomycosis'' can devastate the body, causing skin ulcers, [[abscess]]es, bone lesions, swollen joints with severe pain, heart inflammation, [[urinary tract]] problems, and [[meningitis|inflammation of the brain's lining]], which can lead to death.<ref>Galgiani J. N. Coccidioidomycosis. In: Cecil, Russell L., Lee Goldman, and D. A. Ausiello. Cecil Medicine. Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier, 2007.</ref> | |||
Disseminated coccidioidomycosis is a serious complication that is more likely if you have a weakened immune system due to anti-tumor necrosis factor ([[TNF]]) therapy, [[cancer]], [[chemotherapy]], [[diabetes]], [[glucocorticoid]] medications ([[prednisone]]), heart-lung (cardiopulmonary) conditions, [[HIV]], organ transplants (and associated medicates), [[pregnancy]] (especially the first trimester).<ref name="Angelo-">{{Cite journal | last1 = Angelo | first1 = KM. | last2 = Nnedu | first2 = ON. | title = Rare manifestations of coccidioidomycosis. | journal = J La State Med Soc |volume = 165 | issue = 3 | pages = 137-9 | month = | year = | doi = | PMID = 24015425 }}</ref><ref name="Remesar-">{{Cite journal | last1 = Remesar | first1 = MC. | last2 = Blejer | first2 = JL. | last3 = Negroni | first3 = R. | last4 = Nejamkis | first4 = MR. | title = Experimental coccidioidomycosis in the immunosuppressed rat. | journal = Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo | volume = 34 | issue = 4 | pages = 303-7 | month = | year = | doi = | PMID = 1342086 }}</ref> | Disseminated coccidioidomycosis is a serious complication that is more likely if you have a weakened immune system due to anti-tumor necrosis factor ([[TNF]]) therapy, [[cancer]], [[chemotherapy]], [[diabetes]], [[glucocorticoid]] medications ([[prednisone]]), heart-lung (cardiopulmonary) conditions, [[HIV]], organ transplants (and associated medicates), [[pregnancy]] (especially the first trimester).<ref name="Angelo-">{{Cite journal | last1 = Angelo | first1 = KM. | last2 = Nnedu | first2 = ON. | title = Rare manifestations of coccidioidomycosis. | journal = J La State Med Soc |volume = 165 | issue = 3 | pages = 137-9 | month = | year = | doi = | PMID = 24015425 }}</ref><ref name="Remesar-">{{Cite journal | last1 = Remesar | first1 = MC. | last2 = Blejer | first2 = JL. | last3 = Negroni | first3 = R. | last4 = Nejamkis | first4 = MR. | title = Experimental coccidioidomycosis in the immunosuppressed rat. | journal = Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo | volume = 34 | issue = 4 | pages = 303-7 | month = | year = | doi = | PMID = 1342086 }}</ref> | ||
Revision as of 17:21, 6 August 2015
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: ; Vidit Bhargava, M.B.B.S [2]
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Overview
Coccidioidomycosis is usually a self-limited mild clinical illness. A large proportion of individuals are clinically infected without any manifestations and are thus completely asymptomatic. The remaining develop a mild pulmonary illness which in most cases is self limited requiring no treatment, and even those cases which do require treatment have an excellent prognosis. It is often misdiagnosed as community-acquired pneumonia. There are several cutaneous manifestations such as erythema multiforme and erythema nodosum, it may even cause arthritis and arthralgias. In a few cases, the clinical picture may be complicated due to widespread dissemination of the organism leading to a number of complications.
Complications
Serious complications may occur in patients with weakened immune systems, including severe pneumonia, lung nodules, and possible disseminated form, where the infection spreads throughout the body. The disseminated form of Coccidioidomycosis can devastate the body, causing skin ulcers, abscesses, bone lesions, swollen joints with severe pain, heart inflammation, urinary tract problems, and inflammation of the brain's lining, which can lead to death.[1]
Disseminated coccidioidomycosis is a serious complication that is more likely if you have a weakened immune system due to anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) therapy, cancer, chemotherapy, diabetes, glucocorticoid medications (prednisone), heart-lung (cardiopulmonary) conditions, HIV, organ transplants (and associated medicates), pregnancy (especially the first trimester).[2][3]
Complications of coccidioidomycosis include:
- Pleural effusion
- Return of the infection (relapse
- Meningitis
- Pulmonary cavities, that may rupture leading to pyopneumothroax, otherwise causing persistent cough, hemoptysis, and pleuritic chest pain.
- Synovitis and Osteomyelitis.
Medications used to treat this infection may also cause side effects, including fever, chills, and nausea.
References
- ↑ Galgiani J. N. Coccidioidomycosis. In: Cecil, Russell L., Lee Goldman, and D. A. Ausiello. Cecil Medicine. Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier, 2007.
- ↑ Angelo, KM.; Nnedu, ON. "Rare manifestations of coccidioidomycosis". J La State Med Soc. 165 (3): 137–9. PMID 24015425.
- ↑ Remesar, MC.; Blejer, JL.; Negroni, R.; Nejamkis, MR. "Experimental coccidioidomycosis in the immunosuppressed rat". Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 34 (4): 303–7. PMID 1342086.