Acute diarrhea resident survival guide: Difference between revisions

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Gerald Chi (talk | contribs)
Gerald Chi (talk | contribs)
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==Definition==
==Definition==
* Three or more bowel movements daily are considered to be abnormal, and the upper limit of stool weight is generally agreed to be 200 g daily.<ref>{{Cite book  | last1 = Sleisenger | first1 = Marvin H. | last2 = Feldman | first2 = Mark | last3 = Friedman | first3 = Lawrence S. (Lawrence Samuel) | last4 = Brandt | first4 = Lawrence J. | title = Sleisenger and Fordtran's gastrointestinal and liver disease : pathophysiology, diagnosis, managemen | date = 2010 | publisher = Saunders/Elsevier | location = Philadelphia , PA | isbn = 1-4160-6189-4 | pages =  }}</ref>
* Three or more bowel movements daily are considered to be abnormal, and the upper limit of stool weight is generally agreed to be 200 g daily.<ref>{{Cite book  | last1 = Sleisenger | first1 = Marvin H. | last2 = Feldman | first2 = Mark | last3 = Friedman | first3 = Lawrence S. (Lawrence Samuel) | last4 = Brandt | first4 = Lawrence J. | title = Sleisenger and Fordtran's gastrointestinal and liver disease : pathophysiology, diagnosis, managemen | date = 2010 | publisher = Saunders/Elsevier | location = Philadelphia , PA | isbn = 1-4160-6189-4 | pages =  }}</ref>
* Acute diarrhea has a duration of less than four weeks and is usually caused by an infection.
* Acute diarrhea has a duration of less than four weeks and is usually caused by an infection.


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==Management==
==Management==
{{familytree/start |summary=Acute Diarrhea Algorithm}}
{{familytree/start |summary=Acute Diarrhea Algorithm}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | A01 | | A01 = Acute Diarrhea (<4 wks)}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | A01 | | A01 = Acute Diarrhea (<4 wks)}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | B01 | | | | B01 = Hx PE}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | C01 | | | C01 = [[Acute diarrhea resident survival guide#Evaluation of Volume Status by Dhaka Method|Assessment of Volume Status]] }}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | C01 | | | C01 = [[Acute diarrhea resident survival guide#Evaluation of Volume Status by Dhaka Method|Assessment of Volume Status]] }}
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{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | K01 | | K01 = Fecal WBC <BR> Fecal OB}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | K01 | | K01 = Fecal WBC <BR> Fecal OB}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | L01 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | L02 | L01 = Absent | L02 = Present}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | L01 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | L02 | | L01 = Absent | L02 = Present}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | M01 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | M02 | M01 = Non-inflammatory | M02 = Inflammatory}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | M01 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | M02 | | M01 = Non-inflammatory | M02 = Inflammatory}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | N01 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | N02 | | N01 = Symptomatic Rx | N02 = Recent antibiotics? | }}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | N01 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | N02 | | N01 = Symptomatic Rx | N02 = Recent antibiotics? | }}

Revision as of 17:13, 6 December 2013

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Definition

  • Three or more bowel movements daily are considered to be abnormal, and the upper limit of stool weight is generally agreed to be 200 g daily.[1]
  • Acute diarrhea has a duration of less than four weeks and is usually caused by an infection.

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

Common Causes

Management

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Acute Diarrhea (<4 wks)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assessment of Volume Status
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
{{{ D01 }}}
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
{{{ D02 }}}
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
{{{ D03 }}}
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
{{{ E01 }}}
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
{{{ E02 }}}
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
{{{ E03 }}}
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Warning Signs
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NO
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
YES
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
{{{ H01 }}}
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
{{{ I01 }}}
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Resolved
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Unresolved
 
 
 
 
 
Investigations
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fecal WBC
Fecal OB
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Absent
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Present
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-inflammatory
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Inflammatory
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Symptomatic Rx
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Recent antibiotics?
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Resolved
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Unresolved
 
 
 
NO
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
YES
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Negative C-diff
 
 
 
 
Positive C-diff
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cx of Salmonella, followed by empiric ABx
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Metro/Vanco
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Negative Cx
 
 
 
Positive Cx
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Check Ova/parasites
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Negative
 
 
 
Positive
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consider scope
 
 
 
 
 
 
Rx per results
 
 

Evaluation of Volume Status by Dhaka Method

Assessment No dehydration Some dehydration Severe dehydration
General condition Normal Irritable/less active* Lethargic/comatose§
Eyes Normal Sunken
Mucosa Normal Dry
Thirst Normal Thirsty Unable to drink§
Radial pulse Normal Low volume* Absent/ uncountable§
Skin turgor Normal Reduced

† Some dehydration = At least two signs, including at least one key sign (*) are present.
‡ Severe dehydration = Signs of “some dehydration” plus at least one key sign (§) are present.

Do's and Don'ts

References

  1. Sleisenger, Marvin H.; Feldman, Mark; Friedman, Lawrence S. (Lawrence Samuel); Brandt, Lawrence J. (2010). Sleisenger and Fordtran's gastrointestinal and liver disease : pathophysiology, diagnosis, managemen. Philadelphia , PA: Saunders/Elsevier. ISBN 1-4160-6189-4.


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