Ampicillin (injection): Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | |||
'''Ampicillin''' is a [[beta-lactam antibiotic|beta-lactam]] [[antibiotic]] that has been used extensively to treat [[bacterium|bacterial]] [[infection]]s since 1961. It is considered part of the [[aminopenicillin]] family and is roughly equivalent to [[amoxicillin]] in terms of spectrum and level of activity.<ref name=AHFS>{{ cite book | title= AHFS DRUG INFORMATION® 2006 | publisher= American Society of Health-System Pharmacists | date= 2006 | edition= 2006 ed}} </ref> It can sometimes result in allergic reactions that range in severity from a [[rash]] (e.g. patients with [[mononucleosis]]) to potentially lethal [[anaphylaxis]]. | |||
==Category== | |||
[[beta-lactam antibiotic|beta-lactam]] | |||
==US Brand Names== | |||
AMPICILLIN<sup>®</sup> | AMPICILLIN<sup>®</sup> | ||
==FDA Package Insert== | |||
'''[[XXXXX description|Description]]''' | |||
'''| [[XXXXX clinical pharmacology|Clinical Pharmacology]]''' | |||
'''| [[XXXXX microbiology|Microbiology]]''' | |||
'''| [[XXXXX indications and usage|Indications and Usage]]''' | |||
'''| [[XXXXX contraindications|Contraindications]]''' | |||
'''| [[XXXXX warnings and precautions|Warnings and Precautions]]''' | |||
'''| [[XXXXX adverse reactions|Adverse Reactions]]''' | |||
'''| [[XXXXX overdosage|Overdosage]]''' | |||
'''| [[XXXXX clinical studies|Clinical Studies]]''' | |||
'''| [[XXXXX dosage and administration|Dosage and Administration]]''' | |||
'''| [[XXXXX compatibility reconstitution and stability|Compatibility, Reconstitution, and Stability]]''' | |||
'''| [[XXXXX directions for use|Directions For Use]]''' | |||
'''| [[XXXXX how supplied|How Supplied]]''' | |||
'''| [[XXXXX labels and packages|Labels and Packages]]''' | |||
==Mechanism of Action== | |||
==Mechanism of | |||
Belonging to the [[penicillin]] group of beta-lactam antibiotics, ampicillin is able to penetrate [[Gram-positive]] and some [[Gram-negative]] bacteria. It differs from penicillin only by the presence of an [[amino]] group. The amino group helps the drug penetrate the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria. Ampicillin acts as a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme transpeptidase. Transpeptidase is needed by bacteria to make their cell walls.<ref name=AHFS/> It inhibits the third and final stage of bacterial [[cell wall]] synthesis, which ultimately leads to cell [[lysis]]. | Belonging to the [[penicillin]] group of beta-lactam antibiotics, ampicillin is able to penetrate [[Gram-positive]] and some [[Gram-negative]] bacteria. It differs from penicillin only by the presence of an [[amino]] group. The amino group helps the drug penetrate the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria. Ampicillin acts as a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme transpeptidase. Transpeptidase is needed by bacteria to make their cell walls.<ref name=AHFS/> It inhibits the third and final stage of bacterial [[cell wall]] synthesis, which ultimately leads to cell [[lysis]]. | ||
===Use in research=== | ===Use in research=== | ||
Revision as of 20:48, 30 December 2013
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mohamed Moubarak, M.D. [2]
Overview
Ampicillin is a beta-lactam antibiotic that has been used extensively to treat bacterial infections since 1961. It is considered part of the aminopenicillin family and is roughly equivalent to amoxicillin in terms of spectrum and level of activity.[1] It can sometimes result in allergic reactions that range in severity from a rash (e.g. patients with mononucleosis) to potentially lethal anaphylaxis.
Category
US Brand Names
AMPICILLIN®
FDA Package Insert
Description | Clinical Pharmacology | Microbiology | Indications and Usage | Contraindications | Warnings and Precautions | Adverse Reactions | Overdosage | Clinical Studies | Dosage and Administration | Compatibility, Reconstitution, and Stability | Directions For Use | How Supplied | Labels and Packages
Mechanism of Action
Belonging to the penicillin group of beta-lactam antibiotics, ampicillin is able to penetrate Gram-positive and some Gram-negative bacteria. It differs from penicillin only by the presence of an amino group. The amino group helps the drug penetrate the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria. Ampicillin acts as a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme transpeptidase. Transpeptidase is needed by bacteria to make their cell walls.[1] It inhibits the third and final stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis, which ultimately leads to cell lysis.
Use in research
Ampicillin is often used in molecular biology as a test for the uptake of genes (e.g., by plasmids) by bacteria (e.g., E. coli). A gene that is to be inserted into a bacterium is coupled to a gene coding for an ampicillin resistance (in E. coli, usually the bla gene, coding for β-lactamase). The treated bacteria are then grown on a medium containing ampicillin. Only the bacteria that successfully take up the desired genes become ampicillin resistant, and therefore contain the other desired gene as well.
External links
References
Adapted from the FDA Package Insert.