Achalasia classification: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
[[Achalasia]] is a swallowing disorder that mainly manifests as [[dysphagia]]. [[Achalasia]] is caused by failure of relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter and absence of [[peristalsis]] along the [[esophagus]]. Different patterns of abnormalities of [[peristalsis]] are detected by high-resolution manometry and they are used in the classification of achalasia. | [[Achalasia]] is a swallowing disorder that mainly manifests as [[dysphagia]]. [[Achalasia]] is caused by failure of relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter and absence of [[peristalsis]] along the [[esophagus]]. Different patterns of abnormalities of [[peristalsis]] are detected by high-resolution manometry and they are used in the classification of achalasia into 3 types. Different types of achalasia are shown to have different responses to therapies with type II having the best prognosis. <ref name="pmid18722376">{{cite journal| author=Pandolfino JE, Kwiatek MA, Nealis T, Bulsiewicz W, Post J, Kahrilas PJ| title=Achalasia: a new clinically relevant classification by high-resolution manometry. | journal=Gastroenterology | year= 2008 | volume= 135 | issue= 5 | pages= 1526-33 | pmid=18722376 | doi=10.1053/j.gastro.2008.07.022 | pmc=PMC2894987 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18722376 }} </ref><ref name="pmid22938702">{{cite journal| author=Roman S, Zerbib F, Quenehervé L, Clermidy H, Varannes SB, Mion F| title=The Chicago classification for achalasia in a French multicentric cohort. | journal=Dig Liver Dis | year= 2012 | volume= 44 | issue= 12 | pages= 976-80 | pmid=22938702 | doi=10.1016/j.dld.2012.07.019 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22938702 }} </ref> | ||
==Classification== | ==Classification== | ||
Revision as of 23:06, 5 January 2014
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Achalasia Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Case Studies |
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Achalasia classification On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Achalasia classification |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Achalasia classification |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief:Rim Halaby
Overview
Achalasia is a swallowing disorder that mainly manifests as dysphagia. Achalasia is caused by failure of relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter and absence of peristalsis along the esophagus. Different patterns of abnormalities of peristalsis are detected by high-resolution manometry and they are used in the classification of achalasia into 3 types. Different types of achalasia are shown to have different responses to therapies with type II having the best prognosis. [1][2]
Classification
Classification of Achalasia by High-Resolution Manometry
Type I
Type I achalasia is associated with no evidence of esophageal pressurization, absent peristalsis.
Type II
Type II achalasia is associated with esophageal compression, compartmentalization in distal esophagus >30mm Hg. This type of achalasia is most likely to respond to therapy.
Type III
Type III achalasia is associated with 2 or more spastic contractions (spastic achalasia). It carries a negative predictive response to therapy. [1][2]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Pandolfino JE, Kwiatek MA, Nealis T, Bulsiewicz W, Post J, Kahrilas PJ (2008). "Achalasia: a new clinically relevant classification by high-resolution manometry". Gastroenterology. 135 (5): 1526–33. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2008.07.022. PMC 2894987. PMID 18722376.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Roman S, Zerbib F, Quenehervé L, Clermidy H, Varannes SB, Mion F (2012). "The Chicago classification for achalasia in a French multicentric cohort". Dig Liver Dis. 44 (12): 976–80. doi:10.1016/j.dld.2012.07.019. PMID 22938702.